Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, N° 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP:14801-903, Brazil.
Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Santo Amaro, UNISA, São Paulo, Brazil.
Clin Oral Investig. 2018 Mar;22(2):733-744. doi: 10.1007/s00784-017-2148-5. Epub 2017 Jun 30.
The morphology and chemical composition of enamel submitted to different sterilization methods was studied.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to evaluate 50 bovine enamel specimens sterilized using four methods: microwaving (MI), gamma irradiation (GI), ethylene oxide (EO), and steam autoclave (SA). Non-sterilized specimens were used as control.
XPS indicated that the concentration of P (phosphorus), CO (carbonate), and CO/P was not changed in all groups. GI produced no significant change on elemental composition. SA produced the major decrease in calcium (Ca), Ca/P ratio, and increase in N (nitrogen). MI was found to decrease Ca, Ca/P ratio and O (oxygen), and increase in C (carbon) and N. EO produced decrease in Ca and O with increased C concentration. FEG-SEM revealed surface and in-depth morphological changes on SA specimens. Minor surface alterations were observed for EO and for MI groups, and no alteration was observed on GI group. EDS indicated no difference on elemental composition of enamel bulk among groups.
SA produced mineral loss and morphological alterations on surface and in depth. MI and EO sterilization caused mineral loss showing only slight alteration on enamel surface. GI sterilization preserves the morphological characteristics of enamel. The sterilization methods could be classified from lower to high damage as GI < MI < EO < SA.
This is a comprehensive comparative study where different methods for enamel sterilization were investigated in terms of chemical changes. The results presented here may help researchers to choose the most appropriate method for their research setting and purpose.
研究了不同消毒方法处理的牙釉质的形态和化学组成。
采用 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）、场发射枪扫描电子显微镜（FEG-SEM）和能谱（EDS）对 50 个牛牙釉质标本进行评估，这些标本分别采用微波（MI）、伽马射线（GI）、环氧乙烷（EO）和蒸汽高压灭菌（SA）四种方法进行消毒。未消毒的标本作为对照。
XPS 表明，所有组的 P（磷）、CO（碳酸盐）和 CO/P 浓度均未发生变化。GI 对元素组成没有显著影响。SA 导致钙（Ca）、Ca/P 比值和氮（N）显著减少，而 C（碳）和 N 显著增加。MI 导致 Ca、Ca/P 比值和 O（氧）减少，C 和 N 增加。EO 导致 Ca 和 O 减少，C 浓度增加。FEG-SEM 显示 SA 标本表面和深度形貌发生变化。EO 和 MI 组观察到表面轻微变化，GI 组无变化。EDS 显示各组牙釉质体元素组成无差异。
SA 导致表面和深度的矿物质损失和形态改变。MI 和 EO 消毒导致矿物质损失，仅在牙釉质表面出现轻微变化。GI 消毒保留了牙釉质的形态特征。消毒方法可根据损伤程度由低到高分类为 GI<MI<EO<SA。
这是一项全面的比较研究，研究了不同的牙釉质消毒方法在化学变化方面的情况。本研究结果可为研究人员根据其研究环境和目的选择最合适的方法提供参考。
