Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Oct;82:256-262. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.026. Epub 2017 Jun 24.
Alkali production via arginine deiminase system (ADS) of oral bacteria plays a significant role in oral ecology, pH homeostasis and inhibition of dental caries. ADS activity in dental plaque varies greatly between individuals, which may profoundly affect their susceptibility to caries.
To investigate the effect of arginine on the growth and biofilm formation of oral bacteria.
Polymicrobial dental biofilms derived from saliva were formed in a high-throughput active attachment biofilm model and l-arginine (Arg) was shown to reduce the colony forming units (CFU) counts of such biofilms grown for various periods or biofilms derived from saliva of subjects with different caries status. Arg hardly disturbed bacterial growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii in BHI medium, but only inhibited biofilm formation of S. mutans. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed S. mutans biofilms harboured fewer cells grown with Arg than that without Arg, even in the initial 2h and 8h phase. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images of poly-microbial dental and S. mutans biofilms revealed the biofilms grown with Arg had lower exopolysaccharide (EPS)/bacteria ratios than those without Arg (P=0.004, 0.002, respectively). Arg could significantly reduce the production of water-insoluble EPS in S. mutans biofilms (P<0.001); however, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) did not show significantly influence in gene expression of gtfB, gtfC or gtfD (P=0.32, 0.06, 0.44 respectively).
Arg could reduce the biomass of poly-microbial dental biofilms and S. mutans biofilms, which may be due to the impact of Arg on water-insoluble EPS. Considering the contribution to pH homeostasis in dental biofilms, Arg may serve as an important agent keeping oral biofilms healthy thus prevent dental caries.
口腔细菌的精氨酸脱亚氨酶系统（ADS）产生碱，在口腔生态、pH 值稳态和抑制龋齿中发挥重要作用。牙菌斑中的 ADS 活性在个体之间差异很大，这可能会极大地影响他们患龋齿的易感性。
研究精氨酸对口腔细菌生长和生物膜形成的影响。
在高通量主动附着生物膜模型中形成多微生物牙菌斑，结果显示 l-精氨酸（Arg）可减少不同时间段生长的生物膜或来自不同龋齿状况受试者唾液的生物膜的菌落形成单位（CFU）计数。Arg 在 BHI 培养基中几乎不会干扰变形链球菌、远缘链球菌、血链球菌和戈登链球菌的细菌生长，但仅抑制变形链球菌的生物膜形成。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，与不含 Arg 的生物膜相比，含 Arg 的生物膜中的细胞更少，即使在最初的 2 小时和 8 小时阶段也是如此。多微生物牙菌斑和变形链球菌生物膜的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）图像显示，含 Arg 的生物膜的胞外多糖（EPS）/细菌比值低于不含 Arg 的生物膜（P=0.004，0.002）。Arg 可显著减少变形链球菌生物膜中不可溶性 EPS 的产生（P<0.001）；然而，实时定量 PCR（qRT-PCR）并未显示 gtfB、gtfC 或 gtfD 基因表达有显著影响（P=0.32、0.06、0.44）。
Arg 可减少多微生物牙菌斑和变形链球菌生物膜的生物量，这可能是由于 Arg 对不可溶性 EPS 的影响。考虑到 Arg 对牙生物膜中 pH 值稳态的贡献，Arg 可能作为一种重要的物质，保持口腔生物膜健康，从而预防龋齿。
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