Almutairi Nawaf, Almutawa Fahad
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
Department of Dermatology, Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait.
Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2017 Jun;34(3):207-215. doi: 10.5114/ada.2017.67843. Epub 2017 May 29.
Contact dermatitis is a relatively common dermatosis reported among several population groups from all around the globe. However, the data from Kuwait is unavailable. Patch tests are essential for the diagnosis of contact sensitization.
To determine a relative frequency and pattern of sensitizers to different allergens in patients of suspected contact dermatitis in Kuwait and, also to study the role of the commonest sensitizer in detail.
Patch tests were performed in 2461 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of contact dermatitis seen at our hospital between September 1, 2014 and August 31, 2015. Out of the total of 1381 (56.1%) patients with positive patch test results to at least one allergen, 546 (22.2%) patients with a single positive reaction to nickel only (single largest sensitizer) were selected as the study population for further detailed analysis.
At least one positive patch test reaction was found in 1381 (56.12%) patients. Nickel was found to be the most common sensitizer seen in 546 (40%) patients. The mean age was 37.3 ±13.8 years and the mean duration of disease was 27.3 ±13.8 months. Most (387/546) patients sensitized were females. The forearms/hands and wrists were the most prevalent sites (52.56% of the participants). In 58.91% of women, dermatitis was more often confined to other sites, mostly ears and the neck due to earrings and necklaces. Just more than half of the number (51.09%) of nickel allergic patients were found in the age group of 15-25 years. Hairdressers/beauticians were the most affected group followed by house workers (housewives, cleaners, housekeepers).
Nickel is the single most common sensitizer found in our patients, and female sex, young age, occupation with long hours of contact to nickel are high risk factors. We recommend that a directive, which limits the release of nickel from products with extended skin contact, be approved in Kuwait.
接触性皮炎是一种在全球多个群体中报道的相对常见的皮肤病。然而，科威特的数据尚不可知。斑贴试验对于接触性致敏的诊断至关重要。
确定科威特疑似接触性皮炎患者中对不同变应原的致敏剂相对频率和模式，并详细研究最常见致敏剂的作用。
对2014年9月1日至2015年8月31日期间在我院临床诊断为接触性皮炎的2461例连续患者进行斑贴试验。在对至少一种变应原斑贴试验结果呈阳性的1381例（56.1%）患者中，选择仅对镍有单一阳性反应的546例（22.2%）患者作为研究人群进行进一步详细分析。
1381例（56.12%）患者至少有一次斑贴试验阳性反应。镍是最常见的致敏剂，在546例（40%）患者中可见。平均年龄为37.3±13.8岁，平均病程为27.3±13.8个月。大多数致敏患者（387/546）为女性。前臂/手部和手腕是最常见的部位（占参与者的52.56%）。在58.91%的女性中，皮炎更常局限于其他部位，主要是由于耳环和项链导致的耳部和颈部。在15 - 25岁年龄组中发现了超过半数（51.09%）的镍过敏患者。美发师/美容师是受影响最严重的群体，其次是家务劳动者（家庭主妇、清洁工、管家）。
镍是我们患者中最常见的单一致敏剂，女性、年轻、长时间接触镍的职业是高危因素。我们建议科威特批准一项指令，限制与皮肤长期接触产品中镍的释放。
