Morales Amalia E, Cardenete Gabriel, Hidalgo M Carmen, Garrido Diego, Martín M Virginia, Almansa Eduardo
Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de GranadaGranada, Spain.
Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de OceanografíaSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Front Physiol. 2017 Jun 16;8:427. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00427. eCollection 2017.
The culture of the common octopus () is promising since the species has a relatively short lifecycle, rapid growth, and high food conversion ratios. However, recent attempts at successful paralarvae culture have failed due to slow growth and high mortality rates. Establishing an optimal nutritional regime for the paralarvae seems to be the impeding step in successful culture methods. Gaining a thorough knowledge of food regulation and assimilation is essential for paralarvae survival and longevity under culture conditions. The aim of this study, then, was to elucidate the characteristic metabolic organization of octopus paralarvae throughout an ontogenic period of 12 days post-hatching, as well as assess the effect of diet enrichment with live prey containing abundant marine phospholipids. Our results showed that throughout the ontogenic period studied, an increase in anaerobic metabolism took place largely due to an increased dependence of paralarvae on exogenous food. Our studies showed that this activity was supported by octopine dehydrogenase activity, with a less significant contribution of lactate dehydrogenase activity. Regarding aerobic metabolism, the use of amino acids was maintained for the duration of the experiment. Our studies also showed a significant increase in the rate of oxidation of fatty acids from 6 days after-hatching. A low, although sustained, capacity for synthesis of glucose from amino acids and glycerol was also observed. Regardless of the composition of the food, glycerol kinase activity significantly increased a few days prior to a massive mortality event. This could be related to a metabolic imbalance in the redox state responsible for the high mortality. Thus, glycerol kinase might be used as an effective nutritional and welfare biomarker. The studies in this report also revealed the important finding that feeding larvae with phospholipid-enriched improved animal viability and welfare, significantly increasing the rate of survival and growth of paralarvae.
普通章鱼（）的养殖前景广阔，因为该物种生命周期相对较短、生长迅速且食物转化率高。然而，最近尝试成功养殖幼体章鱼的努力因生长缓慢和死亡率高而失败。为幼体章鱼建立最佳营养方案似乎是成功养殖方法中的阻碍步骤。深入了解食物调节和同化对于幼体章鱼在养殖条件下的生存和寿命至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是阐明孵化后12天个体发育期间章鱼幼体的特征性代谢组织，以及评估用富含海洋磷脂的活饵强化饮食的效果。我们的结果表明，在整个研究的个体发育期间，无氧代谢增加主要是由于幼体章鱼对外源食物的依赖性增加。我们的研究表明，这种活动由章鱼碱脱氢酶活性支持，乳酸脱氢酶活性的贡献较小。关于有氧代谢，在实验期间氨基酸的使用得以维持。我们的研究还表明，孵化后6天脂肪酸氧化速率显著增加。还观察到从氨基酸和甘油合成葡萄糖的能力较低但持续存在。无论食物组成如何，甘油激酶活性在大规模死亡事件前几天显著增加。这可能与导致高死亡率的氧化还原状态的代谢失衡有关。因此，甘油激酶可作为一种有效的营养和健康生物标志物。本报告中的研究还揭示了一个重要发现，即用富含磷脂的饲料喂养幼体可提高动物的活力和健康水平，显著提高幼体章鱼的存活率和生长率。
