Baill I Cori, Castiglioni Analia
University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2017 May 1;95(9):561-570.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in postmenopausal women older than 50 years. Clinicians should use the pooled cohort risk assessment equations or another risk calculator every three to five years to estimate a woman's 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Major guidelines concur that women at average risk of breast cancer benefit from screening mammography at least every other year from 50 to 74 years of age. Several effective options for colorectal cancer screening are recommended for women 50 to 75 years of age. Cervical cancer screening should occur at three- or five-year intervals depending on the test used, and can generally be discontinued after 65 years of age or total hysterectomy for benign disease. Screening for ovarian cancer is not recommended. Clinicians should consider screening for sexually transmitted infections in older women at high risk. Postmenopausal women should be routinely screened for depression, alcohol abuse, and intimate partner violence.
心血管疾病是50岁以上绝经后女性死亡和残疾的主要原因。临床医生应每三到五年使用汇总队列风险评估方程或其他风险计算器，来估计女性患动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（包括心肌梗死和中风）的10年风险。主要指南一致认为，乳腺癌平均风险的女性从50岁至74岁至少每隔一年进行一次乳腺钼靶筛查中获益。对于50至75岁的女性，推荐了几种有效的结直肠癌筛查方法。宫颈癌筛查应根据所使用的检测方法每三年或五年进行一次，一般在65岁以后或因良性疾病进行全子宫切除术后可停止。不建议进行卵巢癌筛查。临床医生应考虑对高危老年女性进行性传播感染筛查。绝经后女性应常规筛查抑郁症、酒精滥用和亲密伴侣暴力。
