绝经后妇女的健康感知、健康行为和预防性检查的使用。
Perception of health, health behaviours and the use of prophylactic examinations in postmenopausal women.
机构信息
Chair and Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 23, 20-049, Lublin, Poland.
Chair and Department of Development in Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2020 Apr 9;20(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s12905-020-00931-9.
BACKGROUND
Pro-health behaviours aim at disease prevention, recovery from an illness and maintenance of good health in a physical, mental and social sphere. The study had two main objectives: (a) to analyse health behaviours of postmenopausal women and their understanding of the notion of health, and (b) to analyse the relationship between individual categories of health behaviours and prophylactic activities undertaken by postmenopausal women.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 510 postmenopausal women. Three study instruments were used: an original questionnaire and two instruments designed by Juczyński: the List of Health Criteria and the Health Behaviour Inventory.
RESULTS
In the view of the respondents health was primarily synonymous with a feature, because the following three associations were given the highest priority when defining health: to be healthy means 'have all body parts functioning well' (M = 1.82), 'do not experience any physical problems' (M = 1.43) and 'not be sick, only occasionally suffer from flu, cold or indigestion'. The score for health behaviours was average (M = 86.18). The highest score was achieved in the area of prophylactic behaviours. General indicator of health-related behaviours was higher in women who rated their health as very good (p < 0.05). Women whose general indicator of health-related behaviours was higher regularly performed prophylactic gynaecological examinations (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Results showed that women after menopause treat health mainly as a feature of their body and condition specific for this period of life. The analysis of postmenopausal women's health behaviours and their perception of health helped to identify areas that require the focus of medical personnel in regard to health promotion and prophylaxis. The average general indicator of health-related behaviours is positive for this group of women as it shows that they care about their health, especially in terms of prophylaxis.
背景
促进健康行为旨在预防疾病、从疾病中康复以及在身体、心理和社会层面维持良好健康。本研究有两个主要目标：（a）分析绝经后妇女的健康行为及其对健康概念的理解；（b）分析个体健康行为类别与绝经后妇女采取的预防活动之间的关系。
方法
采用便利抽样法对 510 名绝经后妇女进行横断面研究。使用了三种研究工具：一份原始问卷和 Juczyński 设计的两份工具：健康标准清单和健康行为量表。
结果
在受访者看来，健康主要与特征同义，因为在定义健康时，以下三个关联被赋予最高优先级：健康意味着“身体各部位正常运作”（M=1.82）、“没有任何身体问题”（M=1.43）和“不生病，只是偶尔感冒、流感或消化不良”。健康行为得分为平均（M=86.18）。预防行为领域得分最高。健康相关行为的一般指标在将健康自评为非常好的女性中更高（p<0.05）。健康相关行为的一般指标较高的女性定期进行预防性妇科检查（p<0.05）。
结论
结果表明，绝经后妇女主要将健康视为身体特征和特定于该生命阶段的状况。分析绝经后妇女的健康行为及其对健康的认知有助于确定医务人员在促进健康和预防方面需要关注的领域。该组妇女健康相关行为的平均总体指标为阳性，这表明她们关心自己的健康，特别是在预防方面。
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