Blaby-Haas Crysten E, Merchant Sabeeha S
Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 50 Bell Avenue, Building 463, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, USA; Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2017 Oct;39:88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jun 30.
As indispensable protein cofactors, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn are at the center of multifaceted acclimation mechanisms that have evolved to ensure extracellular supply meets intracellular demand. Starting with selective transport at the plasma membrane and ending in protein metalation, metal homeostasis in algae involves regulated trafficking of metal ions across membranes, intracellular compartmentalization by proteins and organelles, and metal-sparing/recycling mechanisms to optimize metal-use efficiency. Overlaid on these processes are additional circuits that respond to the metabolic state as well as to the prior metal status of the cell. In this review, we focus on recent progress made toward understanding the pathways by which the single-celled, green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii controls its cellular trace metal economy. We also compare these mechanisms to characterized and putative processes in other algal lineages. Photosynthetic microbes continue to provide insight into cellular regulation and handling of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn as a function of the nutritional supply and cellular demand for metal cofactors. New experimental tools such as RNA-Seq and subcellular metal imaging are bringing us closer to a molecular understanding of acclimation to supply dynamics in algae and beyond.
铁、锰、铜和锌作为不可或缺的蛋白质辅因子，处于多方面适应机制的核心位置，这些机制的进化是为了确保细胞外供应满足细胞内需求。从质膜上的选择性转运开始，到蛋白质金属化结束，藻类中的金属稳态涉及金属离子跨膜的调控运输、蛋白质和细胞器的细胞内区室化以及金属节约/回收机制，以优化金属利用效率。在这些过程之上还有其他回路，它们对细胞的代谢状态以及先前的金属状态做出反应。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注在理解单细胞绿藻莱茵衣藻控制其细胞微量金属经济的途径方面所取得的最新进展。我们还将这些机制与其他藻类谱系中已明确的和推测的过程进行比较。光合微生物继续为我们深入了解铜、铁、锌和锰作为营养供应和细胞对金属辅因子需求的函数的细胞调节和处理提供见解。诸如RNA测序和亚细胞金属成像等新的实验工具正使我们更接近从分子层面理解藻类及其他生物对供应动态的适应。
