Agosti Massimo, Tandoi Francesco, Morlacchi Laura, Bossi Angela
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Del Ponte, Varese.
Pediatr Med Chir. 2017 Jun 28;39(2):157. doi: 10.4081/pmc.2017.157.
The latest scientific acquisitions are demonstrating what has already been hypothesized for more than twenty years about the development of the state of health/illness of individuals. Indeed, certain stimuli, if applied to a sensible phase of development, are able to modify, through epigenetic mechanisms, gene expression of DNA, resulting in adaptive modifications of phenotype to the environment, which may reflect negatively on the health of every individual. This concept, applied to nutrition, has opened up important prospects for research in this area. The nutritional history of an individual, linked to the development of a healthy state, would begin very early. In fact, since the pregnancy and for the next two years (for a total of about 1000 days), the maternal eating habits, the type of breastfeeding and then the main stages of nutrition in the evolutionary phase represent those sensitive moments, essential for the development of important endocrine, metabolic, immunological alterations, better known as metabolic syndrome. This condition would represent the physiopathogenetic basis for explaining a series of disorders, known as non communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascolar disease and all those conditions that today affect the health of most industrialized countries and through the years are emerging especially in developing countries (South America, Asia), where new environmental conditions and increased food availability are changing food habits, with far-reaching public health impacts. This paper analyzes these new nutritional perspectives and the main implications of what has been termed the 1000-day theory.
最新的科学发现正在证实二十多年来一直被假设的关于个体健康/疾病状态发展的情况。的确，某些刺激因素如果作用于发育的敏感阶段，能够通过表观遗传机制改变DNA的基因表达，从而导致表型对环境的适应性改变，这可能对每个个体的健康产生负面影响。这一概念应用于营养领域，为该领域的研究开辟了重要前景。个体与健康状态发展相关的营养史始于很早的时候。事实上，从孕期开始到接下来的两年（总共约1000天），母亲的饮食习惯、母乳喂养方式以及随后发育阶段的主要营养阶段，都是那些敏感时期，对于重要的内分泌、代谢、免疫改变（即众所周知的代谢综合征）的发展至关重要。这种情况将是解释一系列被称为非传染性疾病（NCDs）的疾病的生理病理基础，如肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病以及所有那些如今影响大多数工业化国家健康且多年来尤其在发展中国家（南美洲、亚洲）出现的疾病，在这些国家，新的环境条件和食物供应增加正在改变饮食习惯，对公共卫生产生深远影响。本文分析了这些新的营养观点以及所谓“1000天理论”的主要影响。
