Sanou Anselme Simeon, Diallo Abdoulaye Hama, Holding Penny, Nankabirwa Victoria, Engebretsen Ingunn Marie S, Ndeezi Grace, Tumwine James K, Meda Nicolas, Tylleskar Thorkild, Kashala-Abotnes Esperance
Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Public Health, Centre MURAZ Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
PeerJ. 2017 Jun 30;5:e3507. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3507. eCollection 2017.
In Burkina Faso, it is not uncommon for mothers to drink alcohol, even during pregnancy. We aimed to study the association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the child's cognitive performance using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (KABC-II) and the Children's Category Test Level 1 (CCT-1) in rural Burkina Faso.
We conducted a follow-up study of a community cluster-randomised Exclusive breastfeeding trial, and re-enrolled the children in rural Burkina Faso. A total of 518 children (268 boys and 250 girls) aged 6-8 years were assessed using the KABC-II and the CCT-1. We examined the effect size difference using Cohen's d and conducted a linear regression analysis to examine the association.
Self-reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy was 18.5% (96/518). Children whose mothers reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy performed significantly poorly for memory and spatial abilities tests from small effect size difference for 'Atlantis' (0.27) and 'Triangle' (0.29) to moderate effect size difference for 'Number recall' (0.72) compared to children whose mothers did not consume alcohol during pregnancy; the exposed children scored significantly higher errors with a small effect size (0.37) at problem solving (CCT-1) test compared to unexposed children. At unstandardized and standardized multivariable analysis, children whose mothers reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy performed significantly poorer for memory-'Atlantis' ( = 0.03) and 'Number recall' ( = 0.0001), and spatial ability tests-'Triangle' ( = 0.03); they scored significantly higher errors at problem solving CCT-1 test ( = 0.002); all the results were adjusted for age, sex, schooling, stunting, father's education, mother's employment and the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. No statistical association was found for visual abilities-'Conceptual Thinking', 'Face recognition', 'Story completion', and reasoning tests-'Rover', 'Block counting', and 'Pattern Reasoning'.
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with poorer cognitive performance for memory, spatial ability, and problem solving tests in the offspring in rural Burkina Faso. Futures studies needs to assess in more detail the maternal alcohol consumption patterns in Burkina Faso and possible preventive strategies.
在布基纳法索，母亲饮酒并不罕见，甚至在孕期也是如此。我们旨在使用考夫曼儿童能力评估测验第二版（KABC-II）和儿童类别测验一级（CCT-1）研究布基纳法索农村地区孕期母亲饮酒与儿童认知表现之间的关联。
我们对一项社区整群随机分组的纯母乳喂养试验进行了随访研究，并重新招募了布基纳法索农村地区的儿童。使用KABC-II和CCT-1对总共518名6至8岁的儿童（268名男孩和250名女孩）进行了评估。我们使用科恩d值检验效应大小差异，并进行线性回归分析以研究这种关联。
孕期自我报告饮酒的比例为18.5%（96/518）。与孕期不饮酒的母亲所生的孩子相比，孕期母亲报告饮酒的孩子在记忆和空间能力测试中的表现明显较差，从“亚特兰蒂斯”（0.27）和“三角形”（0.29）的小效应大小差异到“数字回忆”（0.72）的中等效应大小差异；在解决问题（CCT-1）测试中，暴露组儿童的错误得分明显更高，效应大小为小（0.37）。在未标准化和标准化多变量分析中，孕期母亲报告饮酒的孩子在记忆测试“亚特兰蒂斯”（P = 0.03）和“数字回忆”（P = 0.0001）以及空间能力测试“三角形”（P = 0.03）中的表现明显更差；他们在解决问题CCT-1测试中的错误得分明显更高（P = 0.002）；所有结果均根据年龄、性别、上学情况、发育迟缓、父亲教育程度、母亲就业情况和纯母乳喂养推广情况进行了调整。在视觉能力测试“概念思维”、“人脸识别”、“故事完成”以及推理测试“漫游者”、“积木计数”和“模式推理”中未发现统计学关联。
在布基纳法索农村地区，孕期母亲饮酒与后代在记忆、空间能力和解决问题测试中的较差认知表现有关。未来的研究需要更详细地评估布基纳法索的母亲饮酒模式以及可能的预防策略。
