Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Epilepsia. 2017 Jul;58 Suppl 3:48-56. doi: 10.1111/epi.13786.
Epilepsy is associated with a high incidence of comorbid neurologic and psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the association of epilepsy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and depression. There is high concordance of these behavioral pathologies with epilepsy. We review data that unambiguously reveal that epilepsy, ASD, and depression are associated with elevated brain inflammatory markers and that these may interact with serotoninergic pathways. Interference with inflammatory pathways or actions can reduce the severity of seizures, depression, and ASD-like behavior. Inflammation in the brain can be induced by seizure activity as well as by behavioral, environmental, and physiologic stressors. Furthermore, induction of inflammation at an early time point during gestation and in early neonatal life can precipitate both an ASD-like phenotype as well as a more excitable brain. It appears likely that priming of the brain due to early inflammation could provide a means by which subsequent inflammatory processes associated with epilepsy, ASD, and depression may lead to comorbidity.
癫痫与多种神经系统和精神疾病的高发病率有关。本综述重点关注癫痫与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和抑郁症的关系。这些行为病理学具有高度一致性。我们回顾了明确揭示癫痫、ASD 和抑郁症与升高的脑炎症标志物相关的数据，并且这些标志物可能与 5-羟色胺能途径相互作用。干扰炎症途径或作用可以降低癫痫发作、抑郁和 ASD 样行为的严重程度。大脑中的炎症可以由癫痫发作活动以及行为、环境和生理应激源引起。此外，在妊娠和新生儿早期的早期时间点诱导炎症可引发 ASD 样表型以及更易兴奋的大脑。由于早期炎症而导致大脑的启动似乎很可能为随后与癫痫、ASD 和抑郁症相关的炎症过程导致共病提供了一种手段。
