School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Level 5, Hughes Building, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
Graduate School of Culture Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Prev Sci. 2018 Feb;19(2):233-249. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0813-1.
Problems related to high levels of gaming and Internet usage are increasingly recognized as a potential public health burden across the developed world. The aim of this review was to present an international perspective on prevention strategies for Internet gaming disorder and related health conditions (e.g., Internet addiction), as well as hazardous gaming and Internet use. A systematic review of quantitative research evidence was conducted, followed by a search of governmental reports, policy and position statements, and health guidelines in the last decade. The regional scope included the USA, UK, Australia, China, Germany, Japan, and South Korea. Prevention studies have mainly involved school-based programs to train healthier Internet use habits in adolescents. The efficacy of selective prevention is promising but warrants further empirical attention. On an international scale, the formal recognition of gaming or Internet use as a disorder or as having quantifiable harms at certain levels of usage has been foundational to developing structured prevention responses. The South Korean model, in particular, is an exemplar of a coordinated response to a public health threat, with extensive government initiatives and long-term strategic plans at all three levels of prevention (i.e., universal, selective, and indicated). Western regions, by comparison, are dominated by prevention approaches led by non-profit organizations and private enterprise. The future of prevention of gaming and Internet problems ultimately relies upon all stakeholders working collaboratively in the public interest, confronting the reality of the evidence base and developing practical, ethical, and sustainable countermeasures.
与高水平游戏和互联网使用相关的问题日益被视为发达国家潜在的公共卫生负担。本综述旨在介绍国际视角下的互联网游戏障碍和相关健康状况（如网瘾）以及危险游戏和互联网使用的预防策略。我们对定量研究证据进行了系统回顾，然后搜索了过去十年中的政府报告、政策和立场声明以及健康指南。研究的区域范围包括美国、英国、澳大利亚、中国、德国、日本和韩国。预防研究主要涉及基于学校的计划，旨在培养青少年更健康的互联网使用习惯。选择性预防的疗效很有希望，但需要进一步的实证关注。在国际范围内，正式将游戏或互联网使用认定为一种障碍，或在一定的使用水平上具有可量化的危害，是制定结构化预防措施的基础。特别是韩国模式，是对公共卫生威胁采取协调应对的典范，韩国在预防的三个层面（即普遍、选择性和有针对性）都采取了广泛的政府举措和长期战略计划。相比之下，西方国家主要采取由非营利组织和私营企业主导的预防方法。预防游戏和互联网问题的未来最终依赖于所有利益相关者为了公共利益而合作，正视证据基础的现实，并制定实际、合乎道德和可持续的对策。
