Daria J Kuss, International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4BU, United Kingdom.
World J Psychiatry. 2016 Mar 22;6(1):143-76. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.143.
To provide a comprehensive overview of clinical studies on the clinical picture of Internet-use related addictions from a holistic perspective. A literature search was conducted using the database Web of Science.
Over the last 15 years, the number of Internet users has increased by 1000%, and at the same time, research on addictive Internet use has proliferated. Internet addiction has not yet been understood very well, and research on its etiology and natural history is still in its infancy. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association included Internet Gaming Disorder in the appendix of the updated version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as condition that requires further research prior to official inclusion in the main manual, with important repercussions for research and treatment. To date, reviews have focused on clinical and treatment studies of Internet addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder. This arguably limits the analysis to a specific diagnosis of a potential disorder that has not yet been officially recognised in the Western world, rather than a comprehensive and inclusive investigation of Internet-use related addictions (including problematic Internet use) more generally.
The systematic literature review identified a total of 46 relevant studies. The included studies used clinical samples, and focused on characteristics of treatment seekers and online addiction treatment. Four main types of clinical research studies were identified, namely research involving (1) treatment seeker characteristics; (2) psychopharmacotherapy; (3) psychological therapy; and (4) combined treatment.
A consensus regarding diagnostic criteria and measures is needed to improve reliability across studies and to develop effective and efficient treatment approaches for treatment seekers.
从整体角度全面概述与互联网使用相关成瘾的临床研究。使用 Web of Science 数据库进行文献检索。
在过去的 15 年中，互联网用户数量增加了 1000%，与此同时，对成瘾性互联网使用的研究也迅速增加。人们对互联网成瘾的认识还不够充分，其病因和自然史的研究仍处于起步阶段。2013 年，美国精神病学协会将互联网游戏障碍纳入精神障碍诊断与统计手册（DSM-5）更新版附录，作为在正式纳入手册正文之前需要进一步研究的条件，这对研究和治疗产生了重要影响。迄今为止，评论主要集中在互联网成瘾和互联网游戏障碍的临床和治疗研究上。这可以将分析限制在对尚未在西方世界正式认可的潜在障碍的特定诊断上，而不是对更普遍的与互联网使用相关的成瘾（包括有问题的互联网使用）进行全面和包容性的调查。
系统文献综述共确定了 46 项相关研究。纳入的研究使用了临床样本，重点关注治疗寻求者的特征和在线成瘾治疗。确定了四种主要类型的临床研究，即涉及（1）治疗寻求者特征的研究；（2）精神药理学治疗；（3）心理治疗；和（4）联合治疗。
需要达成关于诊断标准和措施的共识，以提高研究之间的可靠性，并为治疗寻求者开发有效和高效的治疗方法。
