CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
Small. 2017 Sep;13(33). doi: 10.1002/smll.201700996. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Autophagy is closely related to various diseases, and is a diagnostic and therapeutic target for some diseases. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to develop excellent probes for detection of autophagy. Nanostructure-based probes are interesting and promising approaches for in vivo biological imaging due to their unique structural and functional characteristics, e.g., modulating pharmacokinetics property by biocompatible coatings, multimodality capacity by delivering multiple imaging agents and highly specific targeting by antibody ligands. In this Review, we first introduce recent advancements in the development of nanostructure-based probes for detection of autophagy, including inorganic hybrid nanomaterials and self-assembled peptide polymeric nanoparticles. Meanwhile, a nanoprobe based on a "in vivo self-assembly" strategy is highlighted. The "in vivo self-assembly" endows nanoprobes with higher accumulation, and longer and better signal stability for in vivo detection of autophagy. Furthermore, this novel strategy could be widely used for biomedical imaging/diagnostics and therapeutics, which would attract more attention to this research area.
自噬与多种疾病密切相关，是某些疾病的诊断和治疗靶点。近年来，人们致力于开发用于检测自噬的优良探针。基于纳米结构的探针由于其独特的结构和功能特性，如通过生物相容性涂层调节药代动力学特性、通过递送多种成像剂实现多模态能力以及通过抗体配体实现高度特异性靶向，成为体内生物成像的有趣且有前途的方法。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了用于检测自噬的基于纳米结构的探针的最新进展，包括无机杂化纳米材料和自组装肽聚合物纳米颗粒。同时，突出了一种基于“体内自组装”策略的纳米探针。“体内自组装”使纳米探针具有更高的聚集度，以及更长和更好的信号稳定性，用于体内自噬的检测。此外，这种新策略可广泛用于生物医学成像/诊断和治疗，这将吸引更多人关注这一研究领域。
