a Laboratory of Bioluminescent Biotechnologies, Department of Biophysics , Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University , Krasnoyarsk , Russia.
b Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky , Krasnoyarsk , Russia.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(18):3055-3069. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1350136. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
There is a poor relationship between nutrient intake and existing nutritional biomarkers due to variety of factors affecting their sensitivity and specificity. To explore the impact of nutrients at molecular level and devising a sensitive biomarker, proteomics is a central technology with sirtuins as one of the most promising nutritional biomarker. Sirtuins (seven mammalian sirtuins reported so far) have been reported to perform protein deacetylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases activity. It is distributed in different cellular compartments thereby controlling several metabolic processes. Sirtuins are oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent, which implicates a direct effect of the metabolic state of the cell on its activity. Calorie restriction upregulates the mammalian sirtuin protein levels in variety of tissues and organs where it acts upon both histone and nonhistone substrates. Sirtuin senses nutrient availability and impacts gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and insulin sensitivity. It deacetylates and inhibits the nuclear receptor that activates fat synthesis and adipogenesis in the body, leading to fat loss and bringing favorable cellular and health changes. Sirtuins mediates intracellular response that promotes cell survival, DNA damage repair thereby increasing the cell longitivity. The activation of sirtuins brings a wide spectrum of other health benefits and its activity levels are indicative of nutritional status as well as disease progression in cancer, inflammation, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. There are several foods that activate sirtuin activity and offer significant health benefits by their consumption.
由于多种因素影响其灵敏度和特异性，营养素的摄入与现有的营养生物标志物之间的关系并不理想。为了从分子水平探索营养素的影响并设计出敏感的生物标志物，蛋白质组学是一项核心技术，而沉默调节蛋白（Sirtuins）则是最有前途的营养生物标志物之一。Sirtuins（迄今为止已报道的七种哺乳动物 Sirtuins）已被报道具有蛋白质去乙酰化酶和 ADP-核糖基转移酶活性。它分布在不同的细胞区室中，从而控制着几种代谢过程。Sirtuins 是烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD+）依赖性的，这意味着细胞的代谢状态直接影响其活性。热量限制可上调多种组织和器官中的哺乳动物 Sirtuins 蛋白水平，其对组蛋白和非组蛋白底物均有作用。Sirtuins 感知营养素的可用性，并影响糖异生、糖酵解和胰岛素敏感性。它去乙酰化并抑制核受体，从而激活体内脂肪合成和脂肪生成，导致脂肪流失，并带来有利的细胞和健康变化。Sirtuins 介导细胞内反应，促进细胞存活和 DNA 损伤修复，从而增加细胞的寿命。Sirtuins 的激活带来了广泛的其他健康益处，其活性水平既可以指示营养状况，也可以指示癌症、炎症、肥胖、心血管疾病和病毒感染等疾病的进展。有几种食物可以激活 Sirtuins 的活性，通过食用这些食物可以带来显著的健康益处。
