Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018 Oct;410(25):6371-6386. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-1219-z. Epub 2018 Jul 4.
Lifestyle optimizations are implementable changes that can have an impact on health and disease. Nutrition is a lifestyle optimization that has been shown to be of great importance in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Dozens of clinical trials are currently in progress that focus on the nutritional modifications that cancer patients can make prior to and during medical care that increase the efficacy of treatment. In this review, we discuss various nutritional inventions for cancer patients and the analytical approaches to characterize the downstream molecular effects. We first begin by briefly explaining the many different forms of nutritional intervention currently being used in cancer treatment as well as their motivating biology. The forms of nutrient modulation described in this review include calorie restriction, the different practices of fasting, and carbohydrate restriction. The review then shifts to explain how proteomics is used to determine biomarkers of cancer and how it can be utilized in the future to determine the metabolic phenotype of a tumor, and inform physicians if nutritional intervention should be recommended for a cancer patient. Nutrigenomics aims to understand the relationship of nutrients and gene expression and can be used to understand the downstream molecular effects of nutrition restriction, partially through proteomic analysis. Proteomics is just beginning to be used as cancer diagnostic and predictive tools. However, these approaches have not been used to their full potential to understand nutritional intervention in cancer. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
生活方式的优化是指可以对健康和疾病产生影响的可实施的改变。营养是一种生活方式的优化，它在癌症的发生、发展和转移中具有重要作用。目前有数十项临床试验正在进行，重点关注癌症患者在接受医疗护理前后可以进行的营养调整，以提高治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了各种针对癌症患者的营养发明以及用于描述下游分子效应的分析方法。我们首先简要解释了目前在癌症治疗中使用的许多不同形式的营养干预措施及其动机生物学。本综述中描述的营养调节形式包括热量限制、不同的禁食实践和碳水化合物限制。然后，该综述解释了蛋白质组学如何用于确定癌症的生物标志物，以及它如何在未来用于确定肿瘤的代谢表型，并告知医生是否应该建议癌症患者进行营养干预。营养基因组学旨在了解营养素和基因表达之间的关系，并可用于了解营养限制的下游分子效应，部分是通过蛋白质组学分析。蛋白质组学才刚刚开始被用作癌症的诊断和预测工具。然而，这些方法并没有被充分利用来了解癌症中的营养干预。
