Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, and
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, and.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Aug;106(2):684-697. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.129528. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
: High-protein diets increase weight loss (WL) during energy restriction; therefore, it has been suggested that additional protein intake may improve weight maintenance (WM) after WL. We investigated the effect of protein supplements from either whey with or without calcium or soy on WM success after WL compared with that of a control. In a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial, 220 participants aged 18-60 y with body mass index (in kg/m) from 27.6 to 40.4 were included. The study was initiated with an 8-wk WL period followed by a 24-wk WM period. During WM, participants consumed the following isocaloric supplements (45-48 g/d): whey and calcium (whey+), whey, soy, or maltodextrin (control). Data were collected at baseline, before WM, and after WM (weeks 0, 8, and 32, respectively) and included body composition, blood biochemistry, and blood pressure. Meal tests were performed to investigate diet-induced-thermogenesis (DIT) and appetite sensation. Compliance was tested by 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion. A total of 151 participants completed the WM period. The control and 3 protein supplements did not result in different mean ± SD weight regains (whey+: 2.19 ± 4.6 kg; whey: 2.01 ± 4.6 kg; soy: 1.76 ± 4.7 kg; and control: 2.23 ± 3.8 kg; = 0.96), fat mass regains (whey+: 0.46 ± 4.5 kg; whey: 0.11 ± 4.1 kg; soy: 0.15 ± 4.1 kg; and control: 0.54 ± 3.3 kg; = 0.96), or improvements in lean body mass (whey+: 1.87 ± 1.7 kg; whey: 1.94 ± 1.3 kg; soy: 1.58 ± 1.4 kg; and control: 1.74 ± 1.4 kg; = 0.50) during WM. Changes in blood pressure and blood biochemistry were not different between groups. Compared with the control, protein supplementation resulted in higher DIT (∼30 kJ/2.5 h) and resting energy expenditure (243 kJ/d) and an anorexigenic appetite-sensation profile. Protein supplementation does not result in improved WM success, or blood biochemistry after WL compared with the effects of normal dietary protein intake (0.8-1.0 g · kg · d). This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01561131.
高蛋白饮食可增加能量限制期间的体重减轻（WL）；因此，有人提出额外的蛋白质摄入可能有助于 WL 后体重维持（WM）。我们研究了乳清蛋白补充剂（含或不含钙）或大豆对 WL 后 WM 成功的影响，与对照组相比。在一项随机、对照、双盲试验中，纳入了 220 名年龄在 18-60 岁、BMI（kg/m）在 27.6 至 40.4 之间的参与者。研究开始时进行了 8 周的 WL 期，随后进行了 24 周的 WM 期。在 WM 期间，参与者摄入以下等热量补充剂（45-48 g/d）：乳清蛋白和钙（乳清+）、乳清蛋白、大豆或麦芽糊精（对照组）。在基线、WM 前和 WM 后（分别为第 0、8 和 32 周）收集了数据，包括身体成分、血液生化和血压。进行膳食诱导热生成（DIT）和食欲感觉的膳食测试。通过 24 小时尿氮排泄测试来检测依从性。共有 151 名参与者完成了 WM 期。对照组和 3 种蛋白质补充剂的平均体重恢复（乳清+：2.19 ± 4.6 kg；乳清：2.01 ± 4.6 kg；大豆：1.76 ± 4.7 kg；对照组：2.23 ± 3.8 kg；= 0.96）、脂肪量恢复（乳清+：0.46 ± 4.5 kg；乳清：0.11 ± 4.1 kg；大豆：0.15 ± 4.1 kg；对照组：0.54 ± 3.3 kg；= 0.96）或瘦体重改善（乳清+：1.87 ± 1.7 kg；乳清：1.94 ± 1.3 kg；大豆：1.58 ± 1.4 kg；对照组：1.74 ± 1.4 kg；= 0.50）在 WM 期间没有差异。各组间血压和血液生化的变化无差异。与对照组相比，蛋白质补充剂可增加更高的 DIT（约 30 kJ/2.5 h）和静息能量消耗（243 kJ/d），并具有厌食食欲感觉特征。与正常饮食蛋白质摄入（0.8-1.0 g·kg·d）相比，蛋白质补充剂在 WL 后并没有改善 WM 成功或血液生化。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT01561131。
