Stolyarova Alexandra, Izquierdo Alicia
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.
Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.
Elife. 2017 Jul 6;6:e27483. doi: 10.7554/eLife.27483.
We make choices based on the values of expected outcomes, informed by previous experience in similar settings. When the outcomes of our decisions consistently violate expectations, new learning is needed to maximize rewards. Yet not every surprising event indicates a meaningful change in the environment. Even when conditions are stable overall, outcomes of a single experience can still be unpredictable due to small fluctuations (i.e., ) in reward or costs. In the present work, we investigate causal contributions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in rats to learning under expected outcome uncertainty in a novel delay-based task that incorporates both predictable fluctuations and directional shifts in outcome values. We demonstrate that OFC is required to accurately represent the distribution of wait times to stabilize choice preferences despite trial-by-trial fluctuations in outcomes, whereas BLA is necessary for the facilitation of learning in response to surprising events.
我们根据预期结果的价值做出选择，这些预期结果受以往在类似情境中的经验影响。当我们决策的结果持续违背预期时，就需要新的学习来实现奖励最大化。然而，并非每个意外事件都表明环境发生了有意义的变化。即使总体条件稳定，由于奖励或成本的微小波动（即 ），单次经历的结果仍可能不可预测。在本研究中，我们在一项基于延迟的新任务中，探究大鼠基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）和眶额皮质（OFC）在预期结果不确定情况下对学习的因果贡献，该任务包含结果值的可预测波动和方向变化。我们证明，尽管每次试验的结果存在波动，但OFC对于准确表征等待时间分布以稳定选择偏好是必需的，而BLA对于促进对意外事件的学习是必要的。
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