Anderson T J, Lamb J, Alexander F, Lutz W, Chetty U, Forrest A P, Kirkpatrick A, Muir B, Roberts M M, Huggins A
Lancet. 1986 Mar 8;1(8480):519-23. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90882-2.
In the Edinburgh Breast Screening Project 210 cancers were detected from commencement in 1979 up to December, 1984. By this time the full initial cohort had completed at least 3 visits and a proportion had attended for up to 5 visits, so pathological characteristics for prevalent and incident cancers could be compared. The main differences are in distribution of histological type of cancer, detection of occult invasive disease, and lymph-node positivity among incident tumours. Only the first of these was statistically significant. This evaluation shows that cancer detection by screening in Edinburgh conforms with screening theory, in which detection of good prognosis tumours is favoured at the prevalence screens, and faster growing, aggressive tumours are found at the incidence screens. Qualitative histopathology may provide a better measure than standard quantitative judgments of size and lymph node status to compare the varieties of cancer detected by screening programmes and to understand the biology of the disease.
在爱丁堡乳房筛查项目中，从1979年开始到1984年12月共检测出210例癌症。此时，最初的全部队列至少已完成3次检查，部分人接受了多达5次检查，因此可以比较现患癌和新发病例癌的病理特征。主要差异在于癌症组织学类型的分布、隐匿性浸润性疾病的检测以及新发病例肿瘤中的淋巴结阳性情况。其中只有第一项具有统计学意义。该评估表明，爱丁堡通过筛查进行的癌症检测符合筛查理论，即在现患筛查中更易检测到预后良好的肿瘤，而在发病筛查中发现生长更快、侵袭性更强的肿瘤。定性组织病理学可能比标准的大小和淋巴结状态定量判断提供更好的方法，用于比较筛查项目检测出的癌症种类并了解疾病生物学特性。
