非白人人群中咖啡消费与全因死亡率及特定病因死亡率的关联。
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations.
作者信息
Park Song-Yi, Freedman Neal D, Haiman Christopher A, Le Marchand Loïc, Wilkens Lynne R, Setiawan Veronica Wendy
机构信息
From University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
出版信息
Ann Intern Med. 2017 Aug 15;167(4):228-235. doi: 10.7326/M16-2472. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
BACKGROUND
Coffee consumption has been associated with reduced risk for death in prospective cohort studies; however, data in nonwhites are sparse.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association of coffee consumption with risk for total and cause-specific death.
DESIGN
The MEC (Multiethnic Cohort), a prospective population-based cohort study established between 1993 and 1996.
SETTING
Hawaii and Los Angeles, California.
PARTICIPANTS
185 855 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites aged 45 to 75 years at recruitment.
MEASUREMENTS
Outcomes were total and cause-specific mortality between 1993 and 2012. Coffee intake was assessed at baseline by means of a validated food-frequency questionnaire.
RESULTS
58 397 participants died during 3 195 484 person-years of follow-up (average follow-up, 16.2 years). Compared with drinking no coffee, coffee consumption was associated with lower total mortality after adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders (1 cup per day: hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.85 to 0.91]; 2 to 3 cups per day: HR, 0.82 [CI, 0.79 to 0.86]; ≥4 cups per day: HR, 0.82 [CI, 0.78 to 0.87]; P for trend < 0.001). Trends were similar between caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Significant inverse associations were observed in 4 ethnic groups; the association in Native Hawaiians did not reach statistical significance. Inverse associations were also seen in never-smokers, younger participants (<55 years), and those who had not previously reported a chronic disease. Among examined end points, inverse associations were observed for deaths due to heart disease, cancer, respiratory disease, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disease.
LIMITATION
Unmeasured confounding and measurement error, although sensitivity analysis suggested that neither was likely to affect results.
CONCLUSION
Higher consumption of coffee was associated with lower risk for death in African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites.
PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
National Cancer Institute.
背景
在前瞻性队列研究中，咖啡消费与死亡风险降低有关；然而，非白人的数据很少。
目的
研究咖啡消费与全因死亡和特定病因死亡风险之间的关联。
设计
多民族队列研究（MEC），这是一项于1993年至1996年间建立的基于人群的前瞻性队列研究。
地点
夏威夷和加利福尼亚州洛杉矶。
参与者
185855名非裔美国人、夏威夷原住民、日裔美国人、拉丁裔和白人，招募时年龄在45至75岁之间。
测量
结局指标为1993年至2012年间的全因死亡率和特定病因死亡率。通过经过验证的食物频率问卷在基线时评估咖啡摄入量。
结果
在3195484人年的随访期间，58397名参与者死亡（平均随访16.2年）。与不喝咖啡相比，在调整吸烟和其他潜在混杂因素后，咖啡消费与较低的全因死亡率相关（每天1杯：风险比[HR]，0.88[95%CI，0.85至0.91]；每天2至3杯：HR，0.82[CI，0.79至0.86]；每天≥4杯：HR，0.82[CI，0.78至0.87]；趋势P<0.001）。含咖啡因咖啡和脱咖啡因咖啡的趋势相似。在4个种族群体中观察到显著的负相关；夏威夷原住民中的关联未达到统计学显著性。在从不吸烟者、较年轻参与者（<55岁）以及之前未报告患有慢性病的人群中也观察到负相关。在检查的终点中，观察到因心脏病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病、中风、糖尿病和肾病导致的死亡存在负相关。
局限性
存在未测量的混杂因素和测量误差，尽管敏感性分析表明两者都不太可能影响结果。
结论
较高的咖啡消费量与非裔美国人、日裔美国人、拉丁裔和白人较低的死亡风险相关。
主要资金来源
美国国立癌症研究所。
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