State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 15;605-606:1011-1020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.247. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
This paper reviews the concentration, distribution, source, and potential risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils of China through analysis of data from >6000 surface soil samples in nearly 100 references. The mean value of total 16 PAHs was 730ng·g in surface soil in China, a relatively lower or moderate level than other countries. Based on the Maliszewska-Kordybach classification criteria, the proportions of heavily contaminated, contaminated, weakly contaminated, and non-contaminated soil samples were 21.4%, 11.9%, 49.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. There was a clear geographical distribution, with concentrations of the total 16 PAHs descending in the following order: Northeast China (1467ng·g)>North China (911ng·g)>East China (737ng·g)>South China (349ng·g)>West China (209ng·g). Moreover, it was found that the PAH concentrations in surface soil in China descended along the urban-suburban-rural gradient. The concentration and distribution of PAHs were mainly related to the degree of economic development, population density, climatic conditions, and soil organic matter, and the divergence of regional economic patterns and climatic conditions was the main reason for the observed PAH distribution in the soils. Traffic emissions, coal and biomass combustion mainly contributed to the PAH contamination of surface soil in China during the process of urbanization and industrialization, and the average Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration of ∑PAH (seven carcinogenic PAHs) was 99ng·g, which indicated the soil samples had a small potential carcinogenic risk. Despite soil pollution being generally low, PAH concentrations in some areas were relatively high, therefore it is necessary to produce strategies, such as establishing effective guidelines and developing environmental-friendly technology to reduce PAH emissions, and prevent further contamination.
本文通过对近 100 篇参考文献中 6000 多个表层土壤样品数据的分析，综述了中国表层土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度、分布、来源和潜在风险。中国表层土壤中总 16 种 PAHs 的平均值为 730ng·g，与其他国家相比处于较低或中等水平。根据 Maliszewska-Kordybach 分类标准，重度污染、污染、轻度污染和未污染土壤样品的比例分别为 21.4%、11.9%、49.5%和 17.2%。存在明显的地理分布，总 16 种 PAHs 的浓度呈以下顺序递减：东北地区（1467ng·g）>华北地区（911ng·g）>华东地区（737ng·g）>华南地区（349ng·g）> 西北地区（209ng·g）。此外，还发现中国表层土壤中 PAH 浓度沿城市-郊区-农村梯度下降。PAHs 的浓度和分布主要与经济发展程度、人口密度、气候条件和土壤有机质有关，区域经济格局和气候条件的差异是造成土壤中 PAH 分布差异的主要原因。交通排放、煤炭和生物质燃烧是中国在城市化和工业化过程中造成表层土壤中 PAH 污染的主要原因，∑PAH（七种致癌 PAHs）中苯并（a）芘当量浓度为 99ng·g，表明土壤样品具有较小的潜在致癌风险。尽管土壤污染总体较低，但部分地区 PAH 浓度相对较高，因此有必要制定策略，如建立有效的指导方针和开发环保技术以减少 PAH 排放，防止进一步污染。
