School of Microbiology, and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
The World Academy of Sciences, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy.
Microb Biotechnol. 2017 Sep;10(5):1066-1069. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.12752. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
Complex communities of microbes live on and in plants, humans and other animals. These communities are collectively referred to as the microbiota or microbiome. Plants and animals evolved to co-exist with these microbes. In mammals, particular kinds of alteration of the microbiome (dysbiosis) are associated with loss of health, most likely due to loss of microbial metabolites, signalling molecules, or regulators of host pathways. Modern life-style diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome have been linked to dysbiosis. These multifactorial diseases involve multiple risk factors and triggers, depletion of certain gut microbiota species being one of them. Live Biotherapeutics operate by restoring microbial products or activities in affected subjects. They are being developed as adjuncts, alternatives or new treatment options for diseases that affect a growing proportion of global citizens.
复杂的微生物群落存在于植物、人类和其他动物的体表和体内。这些群落被统称为微生物组或微生物群。植物和动物进化到与这些微生物共存。在哺乳动物中，微生物组的某些特定改变（失调）与健康丧失有关，这很可能是由于微生物代谢物、信号分子或宿主途径调节剂的丧失。炎症性肠病 (IBD)、肠易激综合征 (IBS)、2 型糖尿病、肥胖和代谢综合征等现代生活方式疾病与失调有关。这些多因素疾病涉及多个风险因素和诱因，其中之一是某些肠道微生物物种的减少。活体生物治疗通过恢复受影响对象的微生物产物或活性来发挥作用。它们正在被开发为辅助治疗、替代治疗或新的治疗选择，用于治疗影响越来越多全球公民的疾病。
