Paradis Angela D, Shenassa Edmond D, Papandonatos George D, Rogers Michelle L, Buka Stephen L
Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Maternal and Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017 Sep;71(9):889-896. doi: 10.1136/jech-2016-208511. Epub 2017 Jul 10.
Although many observational studies have found a strong association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and offspring antisocial behaviour, the likelihood that this relationship is causal remains unclear. To comment on the potential causality of this association, the current investigation used a between-within decomposition approach to examine the association between MSP and multiple indices of adolescent and adult antisocial behaviour.
Study participants were offspring of women enrolled in the Providence and Boston sites of the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Information on MSP was collected prospectively. Antisocial behaviour was assessed via self-report and through official records searches. A subset of the adult offspring (average age: 39.6 years) were enrolled in a follow-up study oversampling families with multiple siblings. Participants in this follow-up study self-reported on juvenile and adult antisocial behaviours during a structured interview (n=1684). Official records of juvenile (n=3447) and adult (n=3433) criminal behaviour were obtained for participants in the Providence cohort. Statistical models allowed between-family effects of MSP exposure to differ from within-family effects. In the absence of heterogeneity in between-family versus within-family estimates, a combined estimate was calculated.
MSP was associated with a range of antisocial behaviours, measured by self-report and official records. For example, MSP was associated with increased odds of elevated levels of antisocial behaviours during adolescence and adulthood, as well as violent and non-violent outcomes during both developmental periods.
Findings are consistent with a small-to-moderate causal effect of MSP on adolescent and adult antisocial behaviour.
尽管许多观察性研究发现孕期母亲吸烟（MSP）与后代反社会行为之间存在强烈关联，但这种关系是否具有因果性仍不明确。为了探讨这种关联的潜在因果关系，本研究采用组间 - 组内分解方法来检验MSP与青少年及成人反社会行为的多个指标之间的关联。
研究参与者为参与围产期协作项目普罗维登斯和波士顿站点的女性的后代。前瞻性收集了关于MSP的信息。通过自我报告和官方记录搜索评估反社会行为。一部分成年后代（平均年龄：39.6岁）被纳入一项对有多个兄弟姐妹的家庭进行过采样的随访研究。该随访研究的参与者在结构化访谈中自我报告了青少年期和成年期的反社会行为（n = 1684）。获取了普罗维登斯队列参与者的青少年（n = 3447）和成年（n = 3433）犯罪行为的官方记录。统计模型允许MSP暴露的家庭间效应与家庭内效应有所不同。在家庭间估计与家庭内估计不存在异质性的情况下，计算合并估计值。
通过自我报告和官方记录测量，MSP与一系列反社会行为相关。例如，MSP与青少年期和成年期反社会行为水平升高的几率增加相关，以及与两个发育阶段的暴力和非暴力结果相关。
研究结果与MSP对青少年和成人反社会行为有小到中等程度的因果效应一致。
