Department of Human Development and Family Studies.
Prevention Science Institute.
Dev Psychol. 2019 Jun;55(6):1164-1181. doi: 10.1037/dev0000701. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
This study examines interactions of heritable influences, prenatal substance use, and postnatal parental warmth and hostility on the development of conduct problems in middle childhood for boys and girls. Participants are 561 linked families, collected in 2 cohorts, including birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children. Heritable influences on internalizing and externalizing (including substance use) problems were derived from birth mothers' and fathers' symptoms, diagnoses, and age of onset from diagnostic interviews, and the proportion of first-degree relatives with the same type of problems. Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and alcohol use during pregnancy were assessed retrospectively from birth mothers at 5 months postpartum. Earlier externalizing problems and parental warmth and hostility and were assessed at 1 assessment prior to the outcome (Cohort II: 4.5 years; Cohort I: 7 years). Conduct problems were symptoms from a diagnostic interview assessed at age 6 (Cohort II) or 8 (Cohort I). Findings from regression analyses suggest that (a) SDP plays an important role for the development of conduct problems, (b) some relatively well-accepted effects (e.g., parental hostility) were less important when simultaneously considering multiple factors influencing the development of conduct problems, and (c) main effects of genetic risk and SDP, and interactions among genetic risk and postnatal warmth, SDP and postnatal warmth, and genetic risk, SDP, and postnatal hostility for conduct problems were important for boys' but not girls' conduct problems. Replication is needed, but the current results provide preliminary but empirically grounded hypotheses for future research testing complex developmental models of conduct problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究考察了遗传性影响、产前物质使用以及产后父母温暖和敌意与男孩和女孩的行为问题发展之间的相互作用。参与者为 561 个相关家庭，来自两个队列，包括亲生父母、养父母和被收养的孩子。内在和外在问题（包括物质使用）的遗传性影响源自生母和生父的症状、诊断以及来自诊断访谈的发病年龄，以及一级亲属中具有相同类型问题的比例。母亲在产后 5 个月时通过回顾性评估（出生时母亲）来评估怀孕期间吸烟（SDP）和怀孕期间饮酒情况。在进行结果评估之前（队列二：4.5 岁；队列一：7 岁）的一次评估中，评估了更早的外在问题和父母的温暖与敌意。行为问题是通过诊断访谈评估的症状，评估年龄为 6 岁（队列二）或 8 岁（队列一）。回归分析的结果表明：（a）SDP 对行为问题的发展起着重要作用；（b）当同时考虑影响行为问题发展的多个因素时，一些被广泛接受的影响因素（例如父母的敌意）变得不那么重要；（c）遗传风险和 SDP 之间的主要效应，以及遗传风险、SDP 和产后温暖之间以及遗传风险、SDP 和产后敌意之间的相互作用，对男孩的行为问题很重要，但对女孩的行为问题则不重要。需要进行复制，但当前的结果为未来测试行为问题复杂发展模型的研究提供了初步但具有实证基础的假设。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
