Risk of Subsequent Ovarian Cancer After Ovarian Conservation in Young Women With Stage I Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the cumulative incidence of subsequent ovarian cancer among young women with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer who had ovarian conservation at surgical treatment.

METHODS

This retrospective study examined the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to identify women aged younger than 50 years who underwent hysterectomy with ovarian conservation for stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer between 1983 and 2013. Time-dependent risk of ovarian cancer diagnosed during the follow-up after endometrial cancer diagnosis was examined.

RESULTS

Among 1,322 women in the study cohort, 16 women developed subsequent ovarian cancer with 5- and 10-year cumulative incidences of 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. Median time to develop subsequent ovarian cancer was 2.4 years, and the majority of subsequent ovarian cancer was diagnosed within the first 3 years from the diagnosis of endometrial cancer (68.8%). The majority of subsequent ovarian cancer was endometrioid type (81.3%) and stage I disease (75.0%). With a median follow-up time of 11.6 years, there were no ovarian cancer deaths. Younger age at endometrial cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with increased risk of subsequent ovarian cancer (10-year cumulative incidences: age younger than 40 compared with 40-49 years, 2.6% compared with 0.4%, hazard ratio 5.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60-15.7, P=.002).

CONCLUSION

Young women with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer have an approximately 1% risk of developing subsequent ovarian cancer after ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy that was associated with favorable tumor factors resulting in good ovarian cancer-specific survival. Our results endorse the importance of genetic testing and close follow-up when counseling about this procedure, especially for those who are younger than 40 years.