Edison Jessica Katz, Clardy Christopher
Pediatr Ann. 2017 Jul 1;46(7):e270-e272. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20170614-01.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised in 1987. Similar disorders had appeared earlier, and many consider the first description of ADHD to be a lecture in 1902 about children with an "abnormal defect in moral control" but normal intelligence. This definition of ADHD is more alarming than the current one. Anne Shirley, the protagonist of the novel Anne of Green Gables (written by Lucy Maude Montgomery and published in 1908), shares the hyperactive and inattentive qualities that fit the current definition of ADHD. She also lacks the menacing characteristics of the 1902 description. This indicates that ADHD, by its modern definition, was probably present in the early 1900s. Furthermore, the character of Anne Shirley shares many biographical similarities with her author, suggesting that Montgomery herself may have had ADHD. Thus, looking at literature from the past not only provides insight into the timeline of ADHD, but also into the thought process of an individual with ADHD. By viewing literary classics through a medical lens, we may gain insight into other diseases as well. [Pediatr Ann. 2017; 46(7):e270-e272.].
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）于1987年被添加到《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本中。类似的病症早些时候就已出现，许多人认为ADHD的首次描述是1902年一场关于智力正常但“道德控制存在异常缺陷”儿童的讲座。ADHD的这个定义比当前的定义更令人担忧。小说《绿山墙的安妮》（由露西·莫德·蒙哥马利创作并于1908年出版）的主人公安妮·雪莉具有符合ADHD当前定义的多动和注意力不集中特质。她也没有1902年描述中那种险恶的特征。这表明，按照现代定义，ADHD在20世纪初可能就已存在。此外，安妮·雪莉这个角色与其作者有许多生平方面的相似之处，这表明蒙哥马利本人可能患有ADHD。因此，审视过去的文学作品不仅能让我们了解ADHD的时间线，还能了解ADHD患者的思维过程。通过医学视角看待文学经典，我们或许也能洞察其他疾病。[《儿科年鉴》。2017年；46(7):e270 - e272。]
