Tomlinson John M, Gotzner Nicole, Bott Lewis
Leibniz Zentrum für Allegmeine Sprachwissenschaft, (ZAS), Berlin, Germany.
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Lang Speech. 2017 Jun;60(2):200-223. doi: 10.1177/0023830917716101.
Pragmatic inferences require listeners to use alternatives to arrive at the speaker's intended meaning. Previous research has shown that intonation interacts with alternatives but not how it does so. We present two mouse tracking experiments that test how pitch accents affect the processing of ad hoc scalar implicatures in English. The first shows that L+H* accents facilitate implicatures relative to H* accents. The second replicates this finding and demonstrates that the facilitation is caused by early derivation of the implicature in the L+H* condition. We attribute the effect to a link between L+H* and pragmatic considerations, such as speaker knowledge effects, or the saliency of alternatives relevant to the computation of implicatures. More generally our findings illustrate how intonation interacts at a cognitive level with pragmatic inference.
语用推理要求听众运用替代选项来理解说话者的意图。先前的研究表明语调与替代选项相互作用，但未阐明其具体方式。我们进行了两项鼠标追踪实验，以测试音高重音如何影响英语中临时等级含义的处理。第一项实验表明，相对于H重音，L+H重音促进了含义推导。第二项实验重复了这一发现，并表明这种促进作用是由L+H条件下含义的早期推导引起的。我们将这种效应归因于L+H与语用因素之间的联系，例如说话者的知识效应，或与含义计算相关的替代选项的显著性。更普遍地说，我们的研究结果说明了语调在认知层面上如何与语用推理相互作用。
