Na /K -ATPase coupled to endothelin receptor type B stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration via lactate signalling.

We have recently demonstrated that endothelin (ET) is functionally coupled to Na , a Na concentration-sensitive Na channel for lactate release via ET receptor type B (ET R) and is involved in peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve transection-regeneration mouse model. Na is known to interact directly with Na /K -ATPase, leading to lactate production in the brain. To investigate the role of Na /K -ATPase in peripheral nerve regeneration, in this study, we applied ouabain, a Na /K -ATPase inhibitor, to the cut site for 4 weeks with an osmotic pump. While functional recovery and nerve reinnervation to the toe started at 5 weeks after axotomy and were completed by 7 weeks, ouabain delayed them by 2 weeks. The delay by ouabain was improved by lactate, and its effect was blocked by α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (CIN), a broad monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor. In primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia, neurite outgrowth of neurons and lactate release into the culture medium was inhibited by ouabain. Conversely, lactate enhanced the neurite outgrowth, which was blocked by CIN, but not by AR-C155858, a MCT1/2-selective inhibitor. ET-1 and ET-3 increased neurite outgrowth of neurons, which was attenuated by an ET R antagonist, ouabain and 2 protein kinase C inhibitors. Taken together with the finding that ET R was expressed in Schwann cells, these results demonstrate that ET enhanced neurite outgrowth of neurons mediated by Na /K -ATPase via ET R in Schwann cells. This study suggests that Na /K -ATPase coupled to the ET-ET R system plays a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration via lactate signalling.