Jha Mithilesh Kumar, Morrison Brett M
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2020 Sep 29;14:589582. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.589582. eCollection 2020.
Research over the last couple of decades has provided novel insights into lactate neurobiology and the implications of lactate transport-driven neuroenergetics in health and diseases of peripheral nerve and the brain. The expression pattern of lactate transporters in glia and neurons has now been described, though notable controversies and discrepancies remain. Importantly, down- and up-regulation experiments are underway to better understand the function of these transporters in different systems. Lactate transporters in peripheral nerves are important for maintenance of axon and myelin integrity, motor end-plate integrity, the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and the functional recovery following nerve injuries. Similarly, brain energy metabolism and functions ranging from development to synaptic plasticity to axonal integrity are also dependent on lactate transport primarily between glia and neurons. This review is focused on critically analysing the expression pattern and the functions of lactate transporters in peripheral nerves and the brain and highlighting their role in glia-neuron metabolic crosstalk in physiological and pathological conditions.
过去几十年的研究为乳酸神经生物学以及乳酸转运驱动的神经能量学在周围神经和大脑健康与疾病中的意义提供了新的见解。尽管仍存在显著的争议和差异，但现在已经描述了胶质细胞和神经元中乳酸转运体的表达模式。重要的是，下调和上调实验正在进行中，以更好地了解这些转运体在不同系统中的功能。周围神经中的乳酸转运体对于维持轴突和髓鞘完整性、运动终板完整性、糖尿病性周围神经病（DPN）的发展以及神经损伤后的功能恢复至关重要。同样，从发育到突触可塑性再到轴突完整性的脑能量代谢和功能也主要依赖于胶质细胞和神经元之间的乳酸转运。本综述着重批判性地分析周围神经和大脑中乳酸转运体的表达模式和功能，并强调它们在生理和病理条件下胶质细胞 - 神经元代谢串扰中的作用。
