Lee Hae Rim, Koo Bon-Sang, Kim Jong-Taek, Kim Heung-Chul, Kim Myung-Soon, Klein Terry A, Shin Man-Seok, Lee Sanghun, Jeon Eun-Ok, Min Kyung-Cheol, Lee Seung Baek, Bae Yeonji, Mo In-Pil
1 Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
J Wildl Dis. 2017 Oct;53(4):749-760. doi: 10.7589/2016-10-230. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
A total of 600 wild birds were analyzed for the causes of mortality in the Republic of Korea (ROK) from 2011 to 2013. Avian poxvirus (APV) infections were identified as the primary cause of mortality in 39% (29/74) Oriental Turtle Doves (Streptopelia orientalis). At necropsy, all 29 S. orientalis birds, of which, 76% (22/29) were juveniles, had severe diphtheritic lesions in their oral and nasal cavities and on their eyelids, which were the lesions of APV that resulted in mortality. We detected APV infection by chorioallantoic membrane inoculation and molecular study of the partial region of the P4b gene. All isolates belonged to the same APV strain and were identical to strains isolated from several different pigeon species in South Africa. Phylogenetically, the APV strain identified in S. orientalis belonged to subclade A2, which includes isolates from several species of pigeons from different parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, Germany, India, Egypt, Hawaii, Georgia, Hungary, South Africa, Tanzania, and the ROK. This identity indicated that this diphtheritic APV strain may be a potential pathogen of other pigeon species in the ROK and neighboring countries throughout the range of S. orientalis. However, reticuloendotheliosis virus insertion into the APV genome was not detected by PCR in any of the 29 APV infections. An identical strain of APV observed in S. orientalis was also detected in Culicoides arakawae (biting midge), with annual peak populations corresponding to the presence of APV in S. orientalis. Culicoides arakawae may be a primary vector of APV in S. orientalis. Active surveillance of APVs in wild birds and C. arakawae is needed to better understand the epidemiology of APVs, host-vector relationships, and its ecological effects on S. orientalis in the ROK.
2011年至2013年期间，在韩国对600只野生鸟类的死亡原因进行了分析。禽痘病毒（APV）感染被确定为39%（29/74）的东方环颈雉（Streptopelia orientalis）死亡的主要原因。尸检时，所有29只东方环颈雉，其中76%（22/29）为幼鸟，口腔、鼻腔和眼睑有严重的假膜性病变，这些是导致死亡的APV病变。通过绒毛尿囊膜接种和对P4b基因部分区域的分子研究检测到APV感染。所有分离株属于同一APV毒株，与从南非几种不同鸽种分离的毒株相同。在系统发育上，在东方环颈雉中鉴定出的APV毒株属于A2亚分支，其中包括来自世界不同地区几种鸽种的分离株，包括英国、德国、印度、埃及、夏威夷、格鲁吉亚、匈牙利、南非、坦桑尼亚和韩国。这种一致性表明，这种假膜性APV毒株可能是韩国和邻国整个东方环颈雉分布范围内其他鸽种的潜在病原体。然而，在29例APV感染中，通过PCR未检测到网状内皮组织增生症病毒插入APV基因组。在东方环颈雉中观察到的相同APV毒株也在荒川库蠓（叮咬蠓）中检测到，其年度种群高峰与东方环颈雉中APV的存在相对应。荒川库蠓可能是东方环颈雉中APV的主要传播媒介。需要对野生鸟类和荒川库蠓中的APV进行主动监测，以更好地了解APV的流行病学、宿主-媒介关系及其对韩国东方环颈雉的生态影响。
