埃塞俄比亚西北部戈扎明区母亲的纯母乳喂养及其相关因素：一项基于社区的横断面研究。
Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers in Gozamin district, northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Hunegnaw Melkamu Tamir, Gezie Lemma Derseh, Teferra Alemayehu Shimeka
机构信息
Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, P.O Box, 196 Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box, 196 Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Int Breastfeed J. 2017 Jul 10;12:30. doi: 10.1186/s13006-017-0121-1. eCollection 2017.
BACKGROUND
Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk, be it directly from breast or expressed, except drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine. Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the essential actions for infant development and survival. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia has been estimated at 52% which is far less than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Moreover, there are inconsistencies among estimates in different districts of the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Gozamin district, northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
Using the simple random sampling technique, seven kebeles (lowest administrative units) were selected as the primary sampling unit of the district. Sample mother-infant pairs were then selected using the systematic random sampling technique that involved our moving from house to house in each village. Data were collected from 506 mother-infant pairs using interviews. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding were determined using logistic regression. The measure of association used was the odds ratio, and statistical tests with -values of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS
In this study, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers was 74.1% (95% CI 70.80, 79.10). For government employee mothers, the odds of exclusive breastfeeding were reduced by half compared to housewives (AOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26, 0.94). Mothers who did not receive breastfeeding counseling after delivery were 0.43 times less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding compared with mothers who received the services (AOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25, 0.72). Mothers who gave birth at health institutions were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding.
CONCLUSION
Even though the estimated prevalence is relatively high, more effort to meet WHO recommendations is still necessary. Therefore, we suggest health institutions encourage hospital birthing and increase breastfeeding counseling after delivery, and employers needs to give longer maternity leave to improve exclusive breastfeeding practice.
背景
纯母乳喂养的定义是仅用母乳喂养婴儿，无论是直接从乳房喂养还是挤出的母乳，不包括由维生素、矿物质补充剂或药物组成的滴剂或糖浆。纯母乳喂养是婴儿发育和生存的重要行动之一。然而，据估计，埃塞俄比亚的纯母乳喂养率为52%，远低于世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议。此外，该国不同地区的估计存在不一致。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部戈扎明区母亲中纯母乳喂养的患病率及其相关因素。
方法
采用简单随机抽样技术，选择7个凯贝勒（最低行政单位）作为该地区的主要抽样单位。然后使用系统随机抽样技术选择样本母婴对，即我们在每个村庄挨家挨户走访。通过访谈收集了506对母婴的数据。使用逻辑回归确定与纯母乳喂养相关的因素。所使用的关联度量是比值比，P值小于0.05的统计检验被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
在本研究中，母亲中纯母乳喂养的患病率为74.1%（95%可信区间70.80，79.10）。与家庭主妇相比，政府雇员母亲纯母乳喂养的几率降低了一半（调整后比值比0.49，95%可信区间0.26，0.94）。与接受过母乳喂养咨询服务的母亲相比，产后未接受母乳喂养咨询的母亲进行纯母乳喂养的可能性低0.43倍（调整后比值比0.43，95%可信区间0.25，0.72）。在医疗机构分娩的母亲更有可能进行纯母乳喂养。
结论
尽管估计患病率相对较高，但仍需做出更多努力以达到WHO的建议。因此，我们建议医疗机构鼓励在医院分娩并增加产后母乳喂养咨询，雇主需要给予更长的产假以改善纯母乳喂养情况。
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