Chekol Dawit Alemayehu, Biks Gashaw Andargie, Gelaw Yalemzewod Assefa, Melsew Yayehirad Alemu
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Health Service management and Health Economics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Int Breastfeed J. 2017 Jun 17;12:27. doi: 10.1186/s13006-017-0118-9. eCollection 2017.
Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding an infant breast milk only, for the first six months. In Ethiopia, more than half of infants do not receive exclusive breastfeeding. Workplace barriers contribute to these low rates of exclusive breastfeeding practices. Understanding the sociodemographic, health related, behavioral and economic factors is crucial to promote the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the extent of exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among employed and unemployed mothers with children of age 7-12 months in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia, 2015.
A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2015. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 649 eligible mothers with children age 7-12 months during the study period. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Three logistic regression models: whole sample, employed and not employed, were fitted.
A total of 649 (333 unemployed and 316 employed) mothers were interviewed. The mean duration of mothers to exclusively breastfeed was 4.77 months (± 1.36 Standard Deviation [SD]). Exclusive breastfeeding was higher among unemployed 48.0% with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (42.0%, 54.0%) than employed (20.9%) with 95% CI (16.0%, 25.0%). Parity of three children and above (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.48), and having social support (AOR = 3.45) were positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding while poor knowledge (AOR = 0.30), wealth index of the medium level (AOR = 0.38) were negatively associated among employed mothers. In the case of unemployed mothers, vaginal delivery (AOR = 2.60) and having social support (AOR = 3.03) were positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding while, poor knowledge (AOR = 0.28), and not having antenatal care (AOR = 0.56) were negatively associated.
The overall exclusive breastfeeding practice of mothers was low. However, unemployed mothers breastfeed more than employed mothers. Providing a special support for employed mothers and revising either the legislation of the two month postpartum maternity leave or applying different alternatives is recommended.
纯母乳喂养的定义是在婴儿出生后的前六个月仅喂母乳。在埃塞俄比亚，超过半数的婴儿没有得到纯母乳喂养。工作场所的障碍导致了纯母乳喂养率较低。了解社会人口统计学、健康相关、行为和经济因素对于在埃塞俄比亚推广纯母乳喂养至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是评估2015年埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔镇有7至12个月大孩子的在职和失业母亲的纯母乳喂养程度及相关因素。
2015年10月进行了一项基于社区的比较横断面研究。在研究期间，采用简单随机抽样技术选取了649名有7至12个月大孩子的合格母亲。使用经过结构化和预测试的访谈者管理的问卷收集数据。拟合了三个逻辑回归模型：全样本、在职和非在职。
共采访了649名母亲（333名失业，316名在职）。母亲纯母乳喂养的平均持续时间为4.77个月（±1.36标准差[SD]）。失业母亲的纯母乳喂养率为48.0%，95%置信区间（CI）为（42.0%，54.0%），高于在职母亲的20.9%，95%CI为（16.0%，25.0%）。三个及以上孩子的胎次（调整后比值比[AOR]=3.48）和有社会支持（AOR=3.45）与纯母乳喂养呈正相关，而在职母亲中知识水平低（AOR=0.30）、中等财富指数（AOR=0.38）与纯母乳喂养呈负相关。对于失业母亲，顺产（AOR=2.60）和有社会支持（AOR=3.03）与纯母乳喂养呈正相关，而知识水平低（AOR=0.28）和没有产前护理（AOR=0.56）与纯母乳喂养呈负相关。
母亲的总体纯母乳喂养率较低。然而，失业母亲比在职母亲母乳喂养的更多。建议为在职母亲提供特殊支持，并修订产后两个月产假的立法或采用不同的替代方案。
