Siegl André, M Kösel Elisa, Tam Nicholas, Koschnick Susanne, Langerak Nelleke G, Skorski Sabrina, Meyer Tim, Lamberts Robert P
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Institute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Int J Sports Med. 2017 Sep;38(9):675-682. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-110226. Epub 2017 Jul 13.
The regular monitoring of athletes is important to fine-tune training and detect early symptoms of overreaching. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine if a noninvasive submaximal running test could reflect a state of overreaching. 14 trained runners completed a noninvasive Lamberts Submaximal Running Test, one week before and 2 days after finishing an ultramarathon, and delayed onset of muscle soreness and the daily analysis of life demands for athletes questionnaire were also captured. After the ultramarathon, submaximal heart rate was lower at 70% (-3 beats) and 85% of peak treadmill running speed (P<0.01). Ratings of perceived exertion were higher at 60% (2 units) and 85% (one unit) of peak treadmill running speed, while 60-second heart rate recovery was significantly faster (7 beats, P<0.001). Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness scores and the number of symptoms of stress (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes) were also higher after the ultramarathon (P<0.01). The current study shows that the Lamberts Submaximal Running Test is able to reflect early symptoms of overreaching. Responses to acute fatigue and overreaching were characterized by counterintuitive responses, such as lower submaximal heart rates and faster heart rate recovery, while ratings of perceived exertion were higher.
定期监测运动员对于微调训练和检测过度训练的早期症状很重要。因此，本研究的目的是确定无创亚极量跑步测试是否能反映过度训练状态。14名训练有素的跑步者在完成超级马拉松比赛前一周和比赛后2天完成了无创兰伯特亚极量跑步测试，同时还记录了肌肉酸痛的延迟发作情况以及对运动员生活需求问卷的每日分析结果。超级马拉松比赛后，在跑步机峰值跑步速度的70%（降低3次心跳）和85%时，亚极量心率较低（P<0.01）。在跑步机峰值跑步速度的60%（增加2个单位）和85%时，主观用力程度评分较高，而60秒心率恢复明显更快（快7次心跳，P<0.001）。超级马拉松比赛后，肌肉酸痛延迟发作评分和压力症状数量（运动员生活需求每日分析）也更高（P<0.01）。当前研究表明，兰伯特亚极量跑步测试能够反映过度训练的早期症状。对急性疲劳和过度训练的反应表现为一些与直觉相反的反应，如亚极量心率较低和心率恢复更快，而主观用力程度评分更高。
