Epidemiological Division, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 13;7(1):5285. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05161-y.
Increased mortality has been observed in mothers and fathers with male offspring but little is known regarding specific diseases. In a register linkage we linked women born 1925-1954 having survived to age 50 (n = 661,031) to offspring and fathers (n = 691,124). Three approaches were used: 1) number of total boy and girl offspring, 2) sex of the first and second offspring and 3) proportion of boys to total number of offspring. A sub-cohort (n = 50,736 mothers, n = 44,794 fathers) from survey data was analysed for risk factors. Mothers had increased risk of total and cardiovascular mortality that was consistent across approaches: cardiovascular mortality of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03-1.11) per boy (approach 2), 1.04 (1.01-1.07) if the first offspring was a boy, and 1.06 (1.01-1.10) if the first two offspring were boys (approach 3). We found that sex of offspring was not associated with total or cardiovascular mortality in fathers. For other diseases or risk factors no robust associations were seen in mothers or fathers. Increased cardiovascular risk in mothers having male offspring suggests a maternal disease specific mechanism. The lack of consistent associations on measured risk factors could suggest other biological pathways than those studied play a role in generating this additional cardiovascular risk.
在有男性后代的母亲和父亲中观察到死亡率增加，但对于特定疾病知之甚少。在一项登记关联研究中，我们将出生于 1925-1954 年且存活至 50 岁的女性（n=661031）与后代和父亲（n=691124）进行了关联。我们使用了三种方法：1）男孩和女孩总后代的数量，2）第一和第二胎的性别，3）男孩与总后代数量的比例。对来自调查数据的子队列（n=50736 名母亲，n=44794 名父亲）进行了危险因素分析。母亲的总死亡率和心血管死亡率均有增加的风险，且这一风险在所有方法中均一致：男孩每增加一个，心血管死亡率增加 0.07（95%CI：0.03-0.11）（方法 2），第一胎为男孩时增加 0.04（0.01-0.07），第一胎和第二胎均为男孩时增加 0.06（0.01-0.10）（方法 3）。我们发现，后代的性别与父亲的总死亡率或心血管死亡率无关。对于其他疾病或危险因素，母亲或父亲均未观察到一致的关联。有男性后代的母亲心血管风险增加表明存在母体疾病特异性机制。对于所研究的危险因素，缺乏一致的关联可能表明，除了所研究的因素之外，其他生物学途径也可能在产生这种额外的心血管风险方面发挥作用。
