Markovic Andjela, Kühnis Jürg, Jäncke Lutz
Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.
International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Jun 29;11:342. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00342. eCollection 2017.
In this paper, we examined brain activation in subjects during two music listening conditions: listening while simultaneously rating the musical piece being played [Listening and Rating (LR)] and listening to the musical pieces unconstrained [Listening (L)]. Using these two conditions, we tested whether the sequence in which the two conditions were fulfilled influenced the brain activation observable during the L condition (LR → L or L → LR). We recorded high-density EEG during the playing of four well-known positively experienced soundtracks in two subject groups. One group started with the L condition and continued with the LR condition (L → LR); the second group performed this experiment in reversed order (LR → L). We computed from the recorded EEG the power for different frequency bands (theta, lower alpha, upper alpha, lower beta, and upper beta). Statistical analysis revealed that the power in all examined frequency bands increased during the L condition but only when the subjects had not had previous experience with the LR condition (i.e., L → LR). For the subjects who began with the LR condition, there were no power increases during the L condition. Thus, the previous experience with the LR condition prevented subjects from developing the particular mental state associated with the typical power increase in all frequency bands. The subjects without previous experience of the LR condition listened to the musical pieces in an unconstrained and undisturbed manner and showed a general power increase in all frequency bands. We interpret the fact that unconstrained music listening was associated with increased power in all examined frequency bands as a neural indicator of a mental state that can best be described as a mind-wandering state during which the subjects are "drawn into" the music.
在本文中,我们研究了受试者在两种音乐聆听条件下的大脑激活情况:一种是在聆听音乐的同时对正在播放的乐曲进行评分[聆听并评分(LR)],另一种是无限制地聆听乐曲[聆听(L)]。利用这两种条件,我们测试了满足这两种条件的顺序是否会影响在L条件下可观察到的大脑激活情况(LR→L或L→LR)。我们在两组受试者聆听四首广为人知的、能带来积极体验的配乐时记录了高密度脑电图。一组从L条件开始,接着进行LR条件(L→LR);第二组以相反的顺序进行这个实验(LR→L)。我们从记录的脑电图中计算出不同频段(θ波、低α波、高α波、低β波和高β波)的功率。统计分析表明,在L条件下,所有检测频段的功率都增加了,但前提是受试者之前没有LR条件的体验(即L→LR)。对于从LR条件开始的受试者,在L条件下功率没有增加。因此,之前LR条件的体验使受试者无法进入与所有频段典型功率增加相关的特定心理状态。没有LR条件先前体验的受试者以无限制且不受干扰的方式聆听乐曲,并且在所有频段都表现出功率普遍增加。我们将无限制的音乐聆听与所有检测频段功率增加相关这一事实解释为一种心理状态的神经指标,这种心理状态最能被描述为一种思绪飘荡的状态,在此期间受试者“沉浸于”音乐之中。