Bughi Stephanie A, Lie Desiree A, Zia Stephanie K, Rosenthal Jane
Research, Rancho Research Institute, Downey, California, USA.
Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Educ Health (Abingdon). 2017 Jan-Apr;30(1):26-30. doi: 10.4103/1357-6283.210499.
Distress and burnout are common among medical students and negatively impact students' physical, mental, and emotional health. Personality inventories such as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), used in medical education, may have a role in identifying burnout risk early.
The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey study among 185 1st year medical students with the MBTI, the general well-being schedule (GWB), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). Descriptive statistics and one-way MANOVAs were used to identify the prevalence and differences in MBTI preferences and distress/burnout risk.
Response rate was 185/185 (100%). Distress (GWB) was reported by 84/185 (45.4%). High scores on exhaustion were reported by 118/182 (64.8%), cynicism by 76/182 (41.8%), and decreased professional efficacy by 38/182 (20.9%) for the three dimensions of the MBI-SS. Only 21/182 (11.5%) of respondents had high scores on all three dimensions of burnout. Students with MBTI preferences for extraversion reported greater positive well-being (P < 0.05), self-control (P < 0.05), professional efficacy (P < 0.01), and lower levels of depression (P < 0.01) compared with those with introversion preference.
Distress and burnout are prevalent early in medical training. The significant difference between extraversion and introversion in relation to distress and burnout deserves further study. Use of a personality inventory may help identify students at risk of burnout and allow appropriate early stress management.
痛苦和职业倦怠在医学生中很常见，会对学生的身体、心理和情绪健康产生负面影响。医学教育中使用的诸如迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标（MBTI）等性格量表，可能在早期识别职业倦怠风险方面发挥作用。
作者对185名一年级医学生进行了一项横断面调查研究，使用了MBTI、总体幸福感量表（GWB）和马氏职业倦怠量表-学生版（MBI-SS）。描述性统计和单因素多变量方差分析用于确定MBTI偏好以及痛苦/职业倦怠风险的患病率和差异。
回复率为185/185（100%）。84/185（45.4%）的学生报告有痛苦（GWB）。在MBI-SS的三个维度中，118/182（64.8%）的学生报告倦怠维度得分高，76/182（41.8%）的学生玩世不恭维度得分高，38/182（20.9%）的学生职业效能降低维度得分高。只有21/182（11.5%）的受访者在职业倦怠的所有三个维度上得分都高。与内向偏好的学生相比，MBTI偏好外向的学生报告有更高的积极幸福感（P < 0.05）、自我控制（P < 0.05）、职业效能（P < 0.01）和更低的抑郁水平（P < 0.01）。
痛苦和职业倦怠在医学培训早期很普遍。外向和内向在痛苦和职业倦怠方面的显著差异值得进一步研究。使用性格量表可能有助于识别有职业倦怠风险的学生，并允许进行适当的早期压力管理。
