University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Dec 1;203(Pt 3):973-987. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.070. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
Inappropriate waste management and poor resource efficiency are two of the biggest problems which European Union is trying to solve through Landfill Directive, Waste Framework Directive and Circular Economy Package by increasing recycling and reuse and reducing waste disposal. In order to meet set goals, new European Union member states must quickly change national legislature and implement appropriate solutions. In the circumstances of strong EU resource and energy dependence, decision makers need to analyse which of the considered waste management systems leads to higher overall benefits ie. which is more sustainable. The main problem in this kind of analysis is a wide range of possible technologies and the difference in inputs and outputs. Sustainability of these systems is analysed through single-score LCA based assessment, using primary energy used to produce materials and energy vectors as a common measure. To ensure reliable results, interoperability between different data sources and material flows of waste and its components are monitored. Tracking external and internal material, and energy flows enable modelling of mutual interactions between different facilities. Resulting PERI, primary energy return based index, is used for comparison of different waste management scenarios. Results show that time and legislation dependent changes have great influence on decision making related to waste management and interconnected systems.
不适当的废物管理和资源利用效率低下是欧盟试图通过《垃圾填埋指令》《废物框架指令》和《循环经济方案》来解决的两个最大问题，这些指令通过增加回收和再利用以及减少废物处理来实现。为了实现既定目标，新的欧盟成员国必须迅速改变国家立法，实施适当的解决方案。在欧盟对资源和能源高度依赖的情况下，决策者需要分析所考虑的废物管理系统中哪一种能带来更高的整体效益，即更具可持续性。这种分析的主要问题是可能的技术范围广泛，投入和产出存在差异。通过基于单评分的生命周期评估来分析这些系统的可持续性，使用生产材料和能源载体所需的一次能源作为共同衡量标准。为了确保可靠的结果，还监测了不同废物及其组成部分的数据源和物质流之间的互操作性。跟踪外部和内部的物质和能源流，使不同设施之间的相互作用得以建模。由此产生的基于初级能源回报的 PERI 指数被用于比较不同的废物管理方案。结果表明，时间和立法方面的变化对与废物管理和相互关联的系统相关的决策有重大影响。
