O'Berry Patricia, Brown Mackenzie, Phillips Leslie, Evans Sarah Helen
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.
Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2017 Jul;47(7):151-155. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system and occurs in as many as 0.4% of infants born. It is associated with shoulder dystocia, use of mechanical extraction, and macrosomia; it occurs more frequently in infants born by vaginal delivery. The unilateral injury to the brachial plexus complex occurs during the delivery phase as lateral traction is applied to the head to permit shoulder clearance. The infant typically presents in the delivery room with decreased active movements of the affected arm and asymmetrical primitive reflex responses. The severity of nerve involvement can range from a stretch injury to complete avulsion. While full recovery is possible, prognosis is variable and up to 35% of children may have some degree of life-long functional impairment of the affected limb.
产科臂丛神经麻痹是一种周围神经系统疾病，在出生的婴儿中发病率高达0.4%。它与肩难产、器械助产和巨大儿有关；在经阴道分娩的婴儿中更常见。臂丛神经复合体的单侧损伤发生在分娩阶段，此时向头部施加侧向牵引力以娩出肩部。婴儿通常在产房表现为患侧手臂主动活动减少和原始反射反应不对称。神经受累的严重程度可从牵拉伤至完全撕脱伤。虽然有可能完全恢复，但预后因人而异，高达35%的儿童可能会有患侧肢体某种程度的终身功能障碍。
