Lenhart Adrienne, Chey William D
Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; and.
Digestive Disorders Nutrition & Lifestyle Program, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
Adv Nutr. 2017 Jul 14;8(4):587-596. doi: 10.3945/an.117.015560. Print 2017 Jul.
Polyols are sugar alcohols found in certain fruits, vegetables, and sugar-free sweeteners. They make up a component of the diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, which is gaining popularity in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effects of polyols on the gastrointestinal tract in healthy men and women and in patients with IBS. Utilizing PubMed, Ovid, and Embase databases, we conducted a search on individual polyols and each of these terms: fermentation, absorption, motility, permeability, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Standard protocols for a systematic review were followed. We found a total of 1823 eligible articles, 79 of which were included in the review. Overall, available work has shown that polyol malabsorption generally occurs in a dose-dependent fashion in healthy individuals, and malabsorption increases when polyols are ingested in combination. However, studies in patients with IBS have shown conflicting results pertaining to polyol malabsorption. Polyol ingestion can lead to intestinal dysmotility in patients with IBS. Regarding the microbiome, moderate doses of polyols have been shown to shift the microbiome toward an increase in bifidobacteria in healthy individuals and may therefore be beneficial as prebiotics. However, data are limited regarding polyols and the microbiome in patients with IBS. Polyols can induce dose-dependent symptoms of flatulence, abdominal discomfort, and laxative effects when consumed by both healthy volunteers and patients with IBS. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of specific polyols on gastrointestinal function, sensation, and the microbiome in health and gastrointestinal disorders such as IBS.
多元醇是在某些水果、蔬菜和无糖甜味剂中发现的糖醇。它们构成了低发酵性寡糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇饮食的一个组成部分，这种饮食在肠易激综合征（IBS）患者的治疗中越来越受欢迎。我们进行了一项系统评价，以评估多元醇对健康男性和女性以及IBS患者胃肠道的影响。利用PubMed、Ovid和Embase数据库，我们搜索了单个多元醇以及以下每个术语：发酵、吸收、动力、通透性和胃肠道症状。遵循系统评价的标准方案。我们共找到1823篇符合条件的文章，其中79篇被纳入该评价。总体而言，现有研究表明，健康个体中多元醇吸收不良通常呈剂量依赖性，当多元醇联合摄入时吸收不良会增加。然而，IBS患者的研究显示多元醇吸收不良的结果相互矛盾。摄入多元醇可导致IBS患者肠道动力障碍。关于微生物群，中等剂量的多元醇已被证明可使健康个体的微生物群向双歧杆菌增加的方向转变，因此可能作为益生元有益。然而，关于IBS患者中多元醇与微生物群的数据有限。健康志愿者和IBS患者食用多元醇时均可诱发剂量依赖性的肠胃胀气、腹部不适和泻药效应症状。需要进一步研究以更好地了解特定多元醇对健康和胃肠道疾病（如IBS）中胃肠道功能、感觉和微生物群的影响。
