Parotto Matteo, Jiansen Joshua Qua, AboTaiban Ahmed, Ioukhova Svetlana, Agzamov Alisher, Cooper Richard, O'Leary Gerald, Meineri Massimiliano
Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2017;49(3):189-197. doi: 10.5603/AIT.a2017.0035. Epub 2017 Jul 16.
Flexible bronchoscopy is a fundamental procedure in anaesthesia and critical care medicine. Although learning this procedure is a complex task, the use of simulation-based training provides significant advantages, such as enhanced patient safety. Access to bronchoscopy simulators may be limited in low-resource settings. We have developed a low-cost 3D-printed bronchoscopy training model.
A parametric airway model was obtained from an online medical model repository and fabricated using a low-cost 3D printer. The participating physicians had no prior bronchoscopy experience. Participants received a 30-minute lecture on flexible bronchoscopy and were administered a 15-item pre-test questionnaire on bronchoscopy. Afterwards, participants were instructed to perform a series of predetermined bronchoscopy tasks on the 3D printed simulator on 4 consecutive occasions. The time needed to perform the tasks and the quality of task performance (identification of bronchial anatomy, technique, dexterity, lack of trauma) were recorded. Upon completion of the simulator tests, participants were administered the 15-item questionnaire (post-test) once again. Participant satisfaction data on the perceived usefulness and accuracy of the 3D model were collected. A statistical analysis was performed using the t-test. Data are reported as mean values (± standard deviation).
The time needed to complete all tasks was 152.9 ± 71.5 sec on the 1st attempt vs. 98.7 ± 40.3 sec on the 4th attempt (P = 0.03). Likewise, the quality of performance score improved from 8.3 ± 6.7 to 18.2 ± 2.5 (P < 0.0001). The average number of correct answers in the questionnaire was 6.8 ± 1.9 pre-test and 13.3 ± 3.1 post-test (P < 0.0001). Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the perceived usefulness and accuracy of the model.
We developed a 3D-printed model for bronchoscopy training. This model improved trainee performance and may represent a valid, low-cost bronchoscopy training tool.
可弯曲支气管镜检查是麻醉和重症医学中的一项基本操作。尽管学习该操作是一项复杂的任务，但基于模拟的培训具有显著优势，如提高患者安全性。在资源匮乏的环境中，使用支气管镜模拟器可能受到限制。我们开发了一种低成本的3D打印支气管镜训练模型。
从在线医学模型库获取参数化气道模型，并使用低成本3D打印机制作。参与的医生此前没有支气管镜检查经验。参与者接受了30分钟的可弯曲支气管镜检查讲座，并进行了一份包含15个项目的支气管镜检查预测试问卷。之后，指导参与者在3D打印模拟器上连续4次执行一系列预定的支气管镜检查任务。记录执行任务所需的时间以及任务执行质量（支气管解剖结构识别、技术、灵巧性、无创伤）。在模拟器测试完成后，再次让参与者进行这份包含15个项目的问卷（后测试）。收集参与者对3D模型的感知有用性和准确性的满意度数据。使用t检验进行统计分析。数据以平均值（±标准差）报告。
首次尝试完成所有任务所需时间为152.9±71.5秒，而第四次尝试为98.7±40.3秒（P = 0.03）。同样，操作质量得分从8.3±6.7提高到18.2±2.5（P < 0.0001）。问卷中正确答案的平均数量在预测试时为6.8±1.9，后测试时为13.3±3.1（P < 0.0001）。参与者对模型的感知有用性和准确性表示高度满意。
我们开发了一种用于支气管镜训练的3D打印模型。该模型提高了受训者的操作表现，可能是一种有效的低成本支气管镜训练工具。
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