Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; email:
Annu Rev Virol. 2017 Sep 29;4(1):369-391. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041734. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
α, β, and θ defensins are effectors of the innate immune system with potent antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity. Defensins have direct antiviral activity in cell culture, with varied mechanisms for individual viruses, although some common themes have emerged. In addition, defensins have potent immunomodulatory activity that can alter innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. In some cases, there is evidence for paradoxical escape from defensin neutralization or enhancement of viral infection. The direct and indirect activities of defensins have led to their development as therapeutics and vaccine components. The major area of investigation that continues to lag is the connection between the effects of defensins in cell culture models and viral pathogenesis in vivo. Model systems to study defensin biology, including more physiologic models designed to bridge this gap, are also discussed.
α、β 和 θ 防御素是先天免疫系统的效应物，具有强大的抗菌、抗病毒和抗真菌活性。防御素在细胞培养中有直接的抗病毒活性，针对不同的病毒有不同的机制，尽管出现了一些共同的主题。此外，防御素具有强大的免疫调节活性，可以改变对病毒感染的先天和适应性免疫反应。在某些情况下，有证据表明防御素的中和作用存在矛盾或增强了病毒感染。防御素的直接和间接作用导致它们被开发为治疗药物和疫苗成分。但仍有一个主要的研究领域存在滞后，即细胞培养模型中防御素的作用与体内病毒发病机制之间的联系。本文还讨论了研究防御素生物学的模型系统，包括旨在弥合这一差距的更生理性模型。
