Sharma Deepshikha, Dhiman Isha, Das Swarnali, Das Deepak Kumar, Pramanik Devlina Das, Dash Sandeep Kumar, Pramanik Arindam
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal 732103, India.
ACS Omega. 2025 Apr 23;10(17):17087-17107. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c02077. eCollection 2025 May 6.
Peptides have become a powerful frontier in modern medicine, offering a promising therapeutic solution for various diseases and advancing rapidly in pharmaceutical development. These small amino acid chains, with their innovative design, have attracted significant attention due to their versatility and high receptor specificity, which minimizes off-target effects, along with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, biodegradability, low toxicity, and minimal immunogenicity. They are being explored for use in several clinical domains, like metabolic diseases, immunomodulation, and cancer. Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have grown to be a promising strategy to combat the worldwide challenge of antibiotic resistance, demonstrating promising results against multidrug-resistant organisms. Both natural and engineered peptides have been discovered and investigated, whereas numerous others are progressing toward clinical trials in a number of therapeutic domains. Recent improvements with surface modification, such as peptide engineering, peptide cyclization, PEGylation, and the utilization of synthetic amino acids to enhance their pharmacokinetic profiles and overcome the inherent disadvantages of these peptides have made it possible for the area to continue to advance. Moreover, their therapeutic potential has been further enhanced by innovative delivery methods, such as self-assembling peptides, nanocarriers, and alternate routes of administration. This Review critically states the potential of peptides as versatile therapeutics along with their modifications and advancements to drive the significant progress to treat infections and chronic diseases, along with their potential benefits and challenges.
肽已成为现代医学的一个强大前沿领域，为各种疾病提供了一种有前景的治疗方案，并在药物开发中迅速发展。这些小的氨基酸链凭借其创新设计，因其多功能性和高受体特异性而备受关注，这使得脱靶效应最小化，同时提高了治疗效果、生物降解性、低毒性和最小免疫原性。它们正被探索用于多个临床领域，如代谢疾病、免疫调节和癌症。此外，抗菌肽已成为应对全球抗生素耐药性挑战的一种有前景的策略，对多重耐药生物体显示出有希望的结果。天然肽和工程肽都已被发现和研究，而其他许多肽正在多个治疗领域迈向临床试验。最近在表面修饰方面的改进，如肽工程、肽环化、聚乙二醇化以及利用合成氨基酸来改善其药代动力学特性并克服这些肽的固有缺点，使得该领域得以持续发展。此外，创新的递送方法，如自组装肽、纳米载体和替代给药途径，进一步增强了它们的治疗潜力。本综述批判性地阐述了肽作为多功能治疗剂的潜力，以及它们的修饰和进展，以推动在治疗感染和慢性疾病方面取得重大进展，以及它们的潜在益处和挑战。
