生理生化参数：一种用于小反刍动物血矛线虫病靶向选择性治疗的潜在工具。
Physio-biochemical parameters: a potential tool for target-selective treatment of haemonchosis in the small ruminants.
作者信息
Das Bhupamani, Kumar Niranjan, Jadav Mehul M, Solanki Jayesh B, Rao T K S
机构信息
Department of Parasitology, Veterinary College, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396 450, India.
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Veterinary College, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, 396 450, India.
出版信息
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2017 Dec;49(8):1577-1589. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1362-0. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
This study aims to evaluate the conjunctiva colour-based FAMACHA score (FS) coupled with a body condition score (BCS), haemogram and stressor hormone level estimation, in identifying post-mortem (PM)/coproscopically proven individuals wanting therapy for economically important gastrointestinal (GI) helminths, Haemonchus contortus, in the small ruminants. The incidence of haemonchosis was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (60.81%) in the ruminants with FS = 3. The H. contortus count in the animals with FS 2, 3 and 4 was 23.2 ± 0.37, 62 ± 2.5 and 74 ± 3.2 (p < 0.05) [positive correlation (r = 0.841 in goats; r = 0.828 in sheep, p < 0.05)], respectively, with corresponding 2.8 ± 0.15, 2 ± 0.3 and 2 ± 0.16 BCS (negative correlation, p > 0.05). The infected animals of FS 2, 3 and 4 measured 8.2 ± 0.0, 7.5 ± 0.23 and 6.7 ± 0.34 g/dl Hb (r = -0.452, p = 0.01) in goats/9.3 ± 0.8, 8.6 ± 0.5 and 7.6 ± 0.3 g/dl Hb (r = -0.511, p = 0.05) in sheep with 21.2, 19.8 ± 1.8 and 17.8 ± 0.2% PCV (r = -0.369, p = 0.05) in goats/26.7 ± 1.2, 22.2 ± 0.2 and 20.9 ± 0.6% PCV (r = -0.251, p = 0.03) in sheep, respectively. The FS 2, 3 and 4 infected goats/sheep measured 6.1 ± 0, 7.9 ± 1.0 and 9.5 ± 0.9 (p < 0.05)/5.8 ± 2.3, 6.9 ± 1.2 and 7.8 ± 0.2% (p < 0.05) mid-granulocyte [(r = 0.928 (goats)/0.834 (sheep), p < 0.05], while the cortisol level was 15.6, 23 ± 4.5 and 42 ± 2.3 (p = 0.23)/12.1 ± 0, 15.9 ± 1.2 and 24 ± 3.4 (p = 0.29) μg/dl, respectively. The infected ruminants recorded low (p < 0.05) level of Hb/PCV while high level of mid-granulocytes/cortisol. Specificity of FAMACHA test was maximized (100%) when FS = 4 was considered anaemic, but sensitivity was low (35.29% in goats; 25% in sheep). The false negatives was 5.9 (goat)/12.5 (sheep)% when FS ≥ 3 was considered anaemic. The small ruminants with FS ≥ 3, BCS ≤ 2.5, Hb ≤ 7.5 g/dl (goats)/8.6 g/dl (sheep), PCV ≤ 19.8% (goats)/22.2% (sheep) and mid-granulocyte ≥7.9% (goats)/6.9 ± 1.2% (sheep) can be subjected to target-selective treatment for haemonchosis in the field simultaneously maximizing the economic benefit to the farmers.
本研究旨在评估基于结膜颜色的FAMACHA评分（FS），结合体况评分（BCS）、血常规和应激激素水平估计，以识别经死后剖检/粪便检查证实感染经济意义重大的胃肠道（GI）蠕虫捻转血矛线虫的小反刍动物，这些动物需要进行治疗。FS = 3的反刍动物中血矛线虫病的发病率显著更高（p < 0.05）（60.81%）。FS为2、3和4的动物体内捻转血矛线虫计数分别为23.2 ± 0.37、62 ± 2.5和74 ± 3.2（p < 0.05）[呈正相关（山羊中r = 0.841；绵羊中r = 0.828，p < 0.05）]，相应的BCS分别为2.8 ± 0.15、2 ± 0.3和2 ± 0.16（呈负相关，p > 0.05）。FS为2、3和4的感染山羊/绵羊测得的血红蛋白分别为8.2 ± 0.0、7.5 ± 0.23和6.7 ± 0.34 g/dl（r = -0.452，p = 0.01）/9.3 ± 0.8、8.6 ± 0.5和7.6 ± 0.3 g/dl（r = -0.511，p = 0.05），山羊的红细胞压积分别为21.2、19.8 ± 1.8和17.8 ± 0.2%（r = -0.369，p = 0.05）/绵羊的红细胞压积分别为26.7 ± 1.2、22.2 ± 0.2和20.9 ± 0.6%（r = -0.251，p = 0.03）。FS为2、3和4的感染山羊/绵羊的中幼粒细胞分别为6.1 ± 0、7.9 ± 1.0和9.5 ± 0.9（p < 0.05）/5.8 ± 2.3、6.9 ± 1.2和7.8 ± 0.2%（p < 0.05）[（山羊中r = 0.928/绵羊中r = 0.834，p < 0.05）]，而皮质醇水平分别为15.6、23 ± 4.5和42 ± 2.3（p = 0.23）/12.1 ± 0、15.9 ± 1.2和24 ± 3.4（p = 0.29）μg/dl。感染的反刍动物血红蛋白/红细胞压积水平较低（p < 0.05），而中幼粒细胞/皮质醇水平较高。当FS = 4被视为贫血时，FAMACHA试验的特异性最大化（100%），但敏感性较低（山羊中为35.29%；绵羊中为25%）。当FS ≥ 3被视为贫血时，假阴性率为5.9（山羊）/12.5（绵羊）%。FS ≥ 3、BCS ≤ 2.5、血红蛋白 ≤ 7.5 g/dl（山羊）/8.6 g/dl（绵羊）、红细胞压积 ≤ 19.8%（山羊）/22.2%（绵羊）且中幼粒细胞 ≥ 7.9%（山羊）/6.9 ± 1.2%（绵羊）的小反刍动物可在田间同时接受针对血矛线虫病的靶向选择性治疗，从而使农民的经济效益最大化。
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