Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Jul 18;9(7):765. doi: 10.3390/nu9070765.
Impairments in placental development can adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. The bioactive nutrient choline may mitigate some of these impairments, as suggested by data in humans, animals, and human trophoblasts. Herein, we investigated the effects of maternal choline supplementation (MCS) on parameters of fetal growth in a +/- (distal-less homeobox 3) mouse model of placental insufficiency. +/- female mice were assigned to 1X (control), 2X, or 4X choline intake levels during gestation. Dams were sacrificed at embryonic days E10.5, 12.5, 15.5, and 18.5. At E10.5, placental weight, embryo weight, and placental efficiency were higher in 4X versus 1X choline. Higher concentrations of hepatic and placental betaine were detected in 4X versus 1X choline, and placental betaine was positively associated with embryo weight. Placental mRNA expression of was downregulated by 4X (versus 1X) choline at E10.5. No differences in fetal growth parameters were detected at E12.5 and 15.5, whereas a small but significant reduction in fetal weight was detected at E18.5 in 4X versus 1X choline. MCS improved fetal growth during early pregnancy in the +/- mice with the compensatory downregulation of to slow growth as gestation progressed. Placental betaine may be responsible for the growth-promoting effects of choline.
胎盘发育障碍会对妊娠结局产生不利影响。生物活性营养素胆碱可能会减轻这些损伤，这一点在人类、动物和人类滋养细胞中都有数据支持。在此，我们研究了母体胆碱补充（MCS）对胎盘功能不全的 +/-（远侧同源盒 3）小鼠模型中胎儿生长参数的影响。 +/- 雌性小鼠在妊娠期间被分配到 1X（对照）、2X 或 4X 胆碱摄入量水平。在胚胎第 10.5、12.5、15.5 和 18.5 天，处死母鼠。在 E10.5 时，4X 组的胎盘重量、胚胎重量和胎盘效率均高于 1X 组。4X 组的肝和胎盘甜菜碱浓度高于 1X 组，且胎盘甜菜碱与胚胎重量呈正相关。在 E10.5 时，4X（与 1X 相比）组的 基因表达下调。在 E12.5 和 15.5 时，未检测到胎儿生长参数的差异，但在 E18.5 时，4X 组的胎儿体重比 1X 组略有显著降低。在 +/- 小鼠中，MCS 改善了妊娠早期的胎儿生长，随着妊娠的进展， 通过下调 来减缓生长，从而实现了代偿。胎盘甜菜碱可能是胆碱促进生长的原因。
