Park Andrew S, Ritz Beate, Ling Chenxiao, Cockburn Myles, Heck Julia E
Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Suite 318-A, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017 Oct;220(7):1133-1140. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.006. Epub 2017 Jun 24.
The incidence of childhood cancers has been increasing and environmental exposure to air toxics has been suggested as a possible risk factor. This study aims to explore ambient exposure to dichloromethane (methylene chloride).
We frequency matched by birth year approximately 20 cancer-free controls identified from birth records to all childhood cancers ages 0-5 in the California Cancer Registry diagnosed from 1988 to 2012; i.e. 13,636 cases and a total of 270,673 controls. Information on industrial releases of dichloromethane within 3km of birth addresses was retrieved from mandatory industry reports to the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). We derived exposure to dichloromethane within close vicinity of birth residences using several modeling techniques including unconditional logistic regression models with multiple buffer distances, inverse distance weighting, and quadratic decay models.
We observed elevated risks for germ cell tumors [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.52, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.11, 2.08], particularly teratomas (OR: 2.08, 95% CI 1.38-3.13), and possible increased risk for acute myeloid leukemias (AML) (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.15-2.32 in the quadratic decay model). Risk estimates were similar in magnitude whether releases occurred in pregnancy or the child's first year of life.
Our findings suggest that exposure to industrial dichloromethane releases may be a risk factor for childhood germ cell tumors, teratomas, and possibly AML.
儿童癌症的发病率一直在上升，环境暴露于空气有毒物质被认为是一个可能的风险因素。本研究旨在探讨环境中二氯甲烷（二氯甲烷）的暴露情况。
我们根据出生年份进行频率匹配，从出生记录中确定约20名无癌症对照，与1988年至2012年在加利福尼亚癌症登记处诊断出的所有0至5岁儿童癌症患者匹配；即13636例病例和总共270673名对照。从向美国环境保护局有毒物质排放清单（TRI）提交的强制性行业报告中检索出生地址3公里范围内二氯甲烷的工业排放信息。我们使用多种建模技术，包括具有多个缓冲距离的无条件逻辑回归模型、反距离加权和二次衰减模型，得出出生住所附近二氯甲烷的暴露情况。
我们观察到生殖细胞肿瘤的风险升高[优势比（OR）：1.52，95%置信区间（CI）1.11，2.08]，尤其是畸胎瘤（OR：2.08，95%CI 1.38 - 3.13），以及急性髓系白血病（AML）可能增加的风险（二次衰减模型中OR：1.64，95%CI 1.15 - 2.32）。无论排放发生在孕期还是儿童生命的第一年，风险估计值在幅度上相似。
我们的研究结果表明，暴露于工业二氯甲烷排放可能是儿童生殖细胞肿瘤、畸胎瘤以及可能的AML的一个风险因素。
