Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l'Educació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Oct;75:43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.002. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Work-related stress is a prevalent condition in the nursing profession, and its influence may vary according to changeable individual and situational factors. It is, therefore, important to investigate the real-time momentary changes in these factors and their relationship to emotional exhaustion experienced by nurses.
We aim to analyse how their perceptions of demand, control, effort and reward change according to the task performed through real-time assessment and interact with the emotional exhaustion level of ward nurses.
The research design was longitudinal.
A three-level hierarchical model with a repeated measures design was used to assess the momentary self-reports of 96 hospital ward nurses, completed using a smartphone programmed with random alarms.
Findings show that demand, effort, and control appraisals depend on the task performed. The task appraised as most demanding, effortful, and controllable was direct care. Reward appraisal depends on the task performed and personal variables, i.e. emotional exhaustion. The situations perceived as more rewarding were rest and direct care. Momentary hedonic tone can be explained by the task performed, demand, reward, emotional exhaustion and by the interaction between emotional exhaustion and demand appraisal. Momentary fatigue can be explained by the task performed, demand, reward, and the emotional exhaustion.
This study highlights the importance of using momentary measures to understand complex and changeable inter-relationships. While also clarifying the targets of intervention programmes aimed at preventing burnout within the nursing profession.
工作相关压力是护理行业普遍存在的一种情况，其影响可能因个体和情境因素的变化而有所不同。因此，了解这些因素的实时瞬时变化及其与护士情绪耗竭的关系非常重要。
我们旨在通过实时评估分析护士对需求、控制、努力和回报的感知如何根据所执行的任务而变化，并与病房护士的情绪耗竭水平相互作用。
研究设计为纵向研究。
使用具有重复测量设计的三级层次模型评估了 96 名医院病房护士的即时自我报告，使用智能手机程序随机警报完成。
研究结果表明，需求、努力和控制评估取决于所执行的任务。被评估为最具挑战性、最费力和最可控的任务是直接护理。奖励评估取决于所执行的任务和个人变量，即情绪耗竭。被感知为更有回报的情况是休息和直接护理。即时愉悦感可以通过所执行的任务、需求、奖励、情绪耗竭以及情绪耗竭和需求评估之间的相互作用来解释。即时疲劳可以通过所执行的任务、需求、奖励来解释。
本研究强调了使用即时测量来理解复杂和变化的相互关系的重要性。同时也阐明了旨在预防护理行业倦怠的干预计划的目标。
