Typical and atypical antipsychotic occupancy of D2 and S2 receptors: an autoradiographic analysis in rat brain.

In thin sections of rat brain, [3H]spiperone binds to D2 sites in the basal ganglia (caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle) and S2 sites in the claustrum and motor cortex. The in vitro displacement of [3H]spiperone from these regions was quantified autoradiographically with the "atypical" neuroleptics clozapine and thioridazine, which ameliorate psychosis, a "typical" neuroleptic, haloperidol, which also induces extrapyramidal side effects, or with metoclopramide, which induces extrapyramidal side effects but is an ineffective antipsychotic. Whereas metoclopramide was equipotent at D2 sites, haloperidol was less potent and clozapine and thioridazine more potent by 2- to 3-fold at competing for D2 sites in the nucleus accumbens or olfactory tubercle than in the caudate-putamen. As measured autoradiographically or with tissue homogenates, clozapine, thioridazine, and five other atypical neuroleptics were 4- to 800-times more potent at competing for S2 sites in the frontal cortex than for D2 sites in the basal ganglia. A preference of atypical antipsychotics for D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle and for the S2 receptor may explain the relative lack of extrapyramidal side effects produced by these compounds.