Nergiz-Unal Reyhan, Akal Yildiz Emine, Samur Gülhan, Besler H Tanju, Rakicioğlu Neslisşah
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Nutr Diet. 2017 Feb;74(1):74-81. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12316. Epub 2016 Sep 19.
Beverages are globally significant sources of water in the diet. There is a lack of knowledge about fluid intake from beverage and water consumption in Turkey. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the type of drinks preferred at meals and snacks as well as the daily fluid, beverage and water intakes based on age and gender.
A cross-sectional survey was administered to 3411 randomly chosen adult participants (n = 1522 male, n = 1919 female) representing the general profile of central Turkey. The survey consisted of a demographic/personal information questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recalls and mealtime-based beverage frequency questionnaires. Body weights and heights were measured.
Daily average total fluid consumption was 2270 mL/day, of which water was 1470 mL/day, and other beverages were 800 mL/day. More than 90% of the participants drank black tea at breakfast and snacks. For lunch and dinner, young participants' major choices were carbonated soft drinks followed by ayran (diluted salty plain yoghurt); middle aged and older participants' choices were ayran followed by black tea. Carbonated soft drinks were preferred over ayran in subjects aged 19-39 years.
Older participants prefer healthy, traditional choices such as ayran and black tea, but younger participants prefer high energy-containing drinks with low nutritional value. Thus, this unique information contributes to the data on beverage consumption patterns in different countries and might be useful for increasing consumption of nutritious fluids and decreasing sugar usage in Turkey.
饮料是全球饮食中重要的水分来源。目前对土耳其人从饮料和饮水获取的液体摄入量了解不足。因此，本研究旨在调查正餐和零食时偏好的饮品类型，以及基于年龄和性别的每日液体、饮料和水的摄入量。
对随机选取的3411名成年参与者（男性1522名，女性1919名）进行横断面调查，这些参与者代表土耳其中部的总体情况。调查包括一份人口统计学/个人信息问卷、24小时饮食回顾以及基于用餐时间的饮料频率问卷。测量了体重和身高。
每日平均总液体摄入量为2270毫升/天，其中水为1470毫升/天，其他饮料为800毫升/天。超过90%的参与者在早餐和零食时喝红茶。午餐和晚餐时，年轻参与者的主要选择是碳酸软饮料，其次是 ayran（稀释的咸原味酸奶）；中年和老年参与者的选择是 ayran，其次是红茶。19至39岁的参与者更喜欢碳酸软饮料而不是 ayran。
老年参与者更喜欢 ayran 和红茶等健康的传统饮品，但年轻参与者更喜欢营养价值低的高能量饮料。因此，这一独特信息丰富了不同国家饮料消费模式的数据，可能有助于在土耳其增加营养液体的摄入量并减少糖分的使用。
