Kotloff Karen L
Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;64(4):799-814. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.03.006.
Reductions in mortality from diarrheal diseases among young children have occurred in recent decades; however, approximately 500,000 children continue to die each year. Moreover, similar reductions in disease incidence have not been seen, episodes that impact the growth and development of young children. Two recent studies, MAL-ED and GEMS, have more clearly defined the burden and cause of diarrhea among young children, identifying four leading pathogens: rotavirus, CryptosporidiumShigella, and heat stable toxin-producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Global introduction of rotavirus vaccine is poised to substantially reduce the incidence of rotavirus infection. Interventions are needed to reduce the burden that remains.
近几十年来，幼儿腹泻疾病的死亡率有所下降；然而，每年仍有大约50万儿童死亡。此外，疾病发病率并未出现类似的下降，这些发病情况会影响幼儿的生长发育。最近的两项研究，即MAL-ED和GEMS，更明确地界定了幼儿腹泻的负担和病因，确定了四种主要病原体：轮状病毒、隐孢子虫、志贺氏菌和产热稳定毒素的肠产毒性大肠杆菌。全球引入轮状病毒疫苗有望大幅降低轮状病毒感染的发病率。需要采取干预措施来减轻剩余的负担。
