Wolde Deneke, Medhin Girmay, Alemayehu Haile, Tilahun Genet Asfaw, Kotiso Kehabtimer Shiferaw, Hailu Woinshet, Mihret Adane, Senbato Feyissa Regassa, Haile Aklilu Feleke, Eguale Tadesse
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, P.O.Box 667, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Trop Med Health. 2025 Apr 10;53(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s41182-024-00675-4.
The incidence of diarrheal diseases varies widely between and within countries due to different socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural factors. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of diarrheal diseases among patients attending public health facilities in Addis Ababa and Hossana, Ethiopia.
An age-matched case-control study was conducted in health facilities to recruit study participants and collect data from December 2021 to September 2022. Socio-demographic data and other risk factors were collected from study participants using a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictor variables. The strength of the associations was measured using the adjusted odds ratio with the corresponding 95%CI. Statistical significance is indicated whenever the p value is less than 0.05.
Being partially vaccinated (AOR: 2.70; 95% CI 1.2, 5.9), use of tap water for drinking (AOR: 2.20; 95% CI 1.1, 4.4) and use of protected well/spring water for drinking (AOR: 13.90; 95% CI 3.7, 51.5), overcrowded sleeping places (AOR: 1.50; 95% CI 1.2, 1.8), contact with animal feces/food (AOR: 15.10; 95% CI 4.2, 53.6), the cleaning frequency of water-fetching materials (i.e., cleaned sometimes (AOR: 2.40; 95% CI 1.2, 4.5) and rarely (AOR: 3.03; 95% CI 1.2, 7.4)), and using an open latrine (AOR: 5.61; 95% CI 1.5, 21.0) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of diarrhea. A higher BMI (AOR: 0.75; 95% CI 0.7, 0.8) was significantly associated with not having diarrhea.
The incidence of diarrheal diseases was influenced by several factors, including children's immunization status and unhygienic living conditions. Therefore, timely immunization, access to safe drinking water, proper hygiene practices and improved sanitation facilities are essential for the control of diarrheal diseases and safeguarding public health.
由于社会经济、环境和行为因素的不同，腹泻病的发病率在不同国家之间以及国家内部差异很大。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴和霍桑纳公共卫生机构就诊患者中腹泻病的决定因素。
2021年12月至2022年9月，在医疗机构开展了一项年龄匹配的病例对照研究，以招募研究参与者并收集数据。使用结构化问卷从研究参与者那里收集社会人口统计学数据和其他风险因素。采用条件逻辑回归来确定独立预测变量。使用调整后的比值比及其相应的95%置信区间来衡量关联强度。当p值小于0.05时表示具有统计学意义。
部分接种疫苗（比值比：2.70；95%置信区间1.2，5.9）、饮用自来水（比值比：2.20；95%置信区间1.1，4.4）和饮用受保护的井水/泉水（比值比：13.90；95%置信区间3.7，51.5）、睡眠场所拥挤（比值比：1.50；95%置信区间1.2，1.8）、接触动物粪便/食物（比值比：15.10；95%置信区间4.2，53.6）、取水用具的清洁频率（即有时清洁（比值比：2.40；95%置信区间1.2，4.5）和很少清洁（比值比：3.03；95%置信区间1.2，7.4））以及使用露天厕所（比值比：5.61；95%置信区间1.5，21.0）与腹泻可能性增加显著相关。较高的体重指数（比值比：0.75；95%置信区间0.7，0.8）与未患腹泻显著相关。
腹泻病的发病率受多种因素影响，包括儿童免疫状况和不卫生的生活条件。因此，及时接种疫苗、获得安全饮用水、采取适当的卫生习惯以及改善卫生设施对于控制腹泻病和保障公众健康至关重要。
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