Bissert P T, Yantek D S, Klein M D, Yan L
Mechanical engineer, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH PMRD), Pittsburgh, PA , USA.
Research engineer, ThermoAnalytics Inc., Calumet, MI, USA.
Trans Soc Min Metall Explor Inc. 2016;340(1):70-74. doi: 10.19150/trans.7329.
Federal regulations require that refuge alternatives (RAs) be located within 305 m (1,000 ft) of the working face and spaced at one-hour travel distances in the outby area in underground coal mines, in the event that miners cannot escape during a disaster. The Mine Safety and Health Administration mandates that RAs provide safe shelter and livable conditions for a minimum of 96 hours while maintaining the apparent temperature below 35 °C (95 °F). The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health used a validated thermal simulation model to examine the mechanisms of heat loss from an RA to the ambient mine and the effect of mine strata composition on the final internal dry bulb temperature (DBT) for a mobile tent-type RA. The results of these studies show that 51 percent of the heat loss from the RA to the ambient mine is due to radiation and 31 percent to conduction. Three mine width and height configurations and four mine strata compositions were examined. The final DBT inside the RA after 96 hours varied by less than 1 °C (1.8 °F) for the three mine width/height configurations and by less than 2 °C (3.6 °F) for the four mine strata compositions.
联邦法规要求，在地下煤矿中，避难所（RAs）应位于工作掌子面305米（1000英尺）范围内，且在回风区域按一小时行程距离间隔设置，以防矿工在灾难期间无法逃生。美国矿山安全与健康管理局规定，避难所应提供至少96小时的安全庇护和宜居条件，同时将体感温度保持在35°C（95°F）以下。美国国家职业安全与健康研究所使用经过验证的热模拟模型，研究了避难所向周围矿井散热的机制以及矿井地层组成对可移动帐篷式避难所最终内部干球温度（DBT）的影响。这些研究结果表明，避难所向周围矿井散热的51%是由于辐射，31%是由于传导。研究考察了三种矿井宽度和高度配置以及四种矿井地层组成。对于三种矿井宽度/高度配置，96小时后避难所内的最终干球温度变化小于1°C（1.8°F）；对于四种矿井地层组成，变化小于2°C（3.6°F）。
